Two-component elements mediate interactions between cytokinin and salicylic acid in plant immunity.
Recent studies have revealed an important role for hormones in plant immunity. We are now beginning to understand the contribution of crosstalk among different hormone signaling networks to the outcome of plant-pathogen interactions. Cytokinins are plant hormones that regulate development and respon...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2012-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS Genetics |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3266875?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1811342606707195904 |
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| author | Cristiana T Argueso Fernando J Ferreira Petra Epple Jennifer P C To Claire E Hutchison G Eric Schaller Jeffery L Dangl Joseph J Kieber |
| author_facet | Cristiana T Argueso Fernando J Ferreira Petra Epple Jennifer P C To Claire E Hutchison G Eric Schaller Jeffery L Dangl Joseph J Kieber |
| author_sort | Cristiana T Argueso |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recent studies have revealed an important role for hormones in plant immunity. We are now beginning to understand the contribution of crosstalk among different hormone signaling networks to the outcome of plant-pathogen interactions. Cytokinins are plant hormones that regulate development and responses to the environment. Cytokinin signaling involves a phosphorelay circuitry similar to two-component systems used by bacteria and fungi to perceive and react to various environmental stimuli. In this study, we asked whether cytokinin and components of cytokinin signaling contribute to plant immunity. We demonstrate that cytokinin levels in Arabidopsis are important in determining the amplitude of immune responses, ultimately influencing the outcome of plant-pathogen interactions. We show that high concentrations of cytokinin lead to increased defense responses to a virulent oomycete pathogen, through a process that is dependent on salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and activation of defense gene expression. Surprisingly, treatment with lower concentrations of cytokinin results in increased susceptibility. These functions for cytokinin in plant immunity require a host phosphorelay system and are mediated in part by type-A response regulators, which act as negative regulators of basal and pathogen-induced SA-dependent gene expression. Our results support a model in which cytokinin up-regulates plant immunity via an elevation of SA-dependent defense responses and in which SA in turn feedback-inhibits cytokinin signaling. The crosstalk between cytokinin and SA signaling networks may help plants fine-tune defense responses against pathogens. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T19:13:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aa3cab98c3224ab98320648f17372e08 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1553-7390 1553-7404 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T19:13:58Z |
| publishDate | 2012-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Genetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-aa3cab98c3224ab98320648f17372e082022-12-22T02:33:44ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Genetics1553-73901553-74042012-01-0181e100244810.1371/journal.pgen.1002448Two-component elements mediate interactions between cytokinin and salicylic acid in plant immunity.Cristiana T ArguesoFernando J FerreiraPetra EppleJennifer P C ToClaire E HutchisonG Eric SchallerJeffery L DanglJoseph J KieberRecent studies have revealed an important role for hormones in plant immunity. We are now beginning to understand the contribution of crosstalk among different hormone signaling networks to the outcome of plant-pathogen interactions. Cytokinins are plant hormones that regulate development and responses to the environment. Cytokinin signaling involves a phosphorelay circuitry similar to two-component systems used by bacteria and fungi to perceive and react to various environmental stimuli. In this study, we asked whether cytokinin and components of cytokinin signaling contribute to plant immunity. We demonstrate that cytokinin levels in Arabidopsis are important in determining the amplitude of immune responses, ultimately influencing the outcome of plant-pathogen interactions. We show that high concentrations of cytokinin lead to increased defense responses to a virulent oomycete pathogen, through a process that is dependent on salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and activation of defense gene expression. Surprisingly, treatment with lower concentrations of cytokinin results in increased susceptibility. These functions for cytokinin in plant immunity require a host phosphorelay system and are mediated in part by type-A response regulators, which act as negative regulators of basal and pathogen-induced SA-dependent gene expression. Our results support a model in which cytokinin up-regulates plant immunity via an elevation of SA-dependent defense responses and in which SA in turn feedback-inhibits cytokinin signaling. The crosstalk between cytokinin and SA signaling networks may help plants fine-tune defense responses against pathogens.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3266875?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Cristiana T Argueso Fernando J Ferreira Petra Epple Jennifer P C To Claire E Hutchison G Eric Schaller Jeffery L Dangl Joseph J Kieber Two-component elements mediate interactions between cytokinin and salicylic acid in plant immunity. PLoS Genetics |
| title | Two-component elements mediate interactions between cytokinin and salicylic acid in plant immunity. |
| title_full | Two-component elements mediate interactions between cytokinin and salicylic acid in plant immunity. |
| title_fullStr | Two-component elements mediate interactions between cytokinin and salicylic acid in plant immunity. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Two-component elements mediate interactions between cytokinin and salicylic acid in plant immunity. |
| title_short | Two-component elements mediate interactions between cytokinin and salicylic acid in plant immunity. |
| title_sort | two component elements mediate interactions between cytokinin and salicylic acid in plant immunity |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3266875?pdf=render |
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