Motor-Related Mu/Beta Rhythm in Older Adults: A Comprehensive Review
Mu rhythm, also known as the mu wave, occurs on sensorimotor cortex activity at rest, and the frequency range is defined as 8–13Hz, the same frequency as the alpha band. Mu rhythm is a cortical oscillation that can be recorded from the scalp over the primary sensorimotor cortex by electroencephalogr...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Brain Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/13/5/751 |
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| author | Takashi Inamoto Masaya Ueda Keita Ueno China Shiroma Rin Morita Yasuo Naito Ryouhei Ishii |
| author_facet | Takashi Inamoto Masaya Ueda Keita Ueno China Shiroma Rin Morita Yasuo Naito Ryouhei Ishii |
| author_sort | Takashi Inamoto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mu rhythm, also known as the mu wave, occurs on sensorimotor cortex activity at rest, and the frequency range is defined as 8–13Hz, the same frequency as the alpha band. Mu rhythm is a cortical oscillation that can be recorded from the scalp over the primary sensorimotor cortex by electroencephalogram (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG). The subjects of previous mu/beta rhythm studies ranged widely from infants to young and older adults. Furthermore, these subjects were not only healthy people but also patients with various neurological and psychiatric diseases. However, very few studies have referred to the effect of mu/beta rhythm with aging, and there was no literature review about this theme. It is important to review the details of the characteristics of mu/beta rhythm activity in older adults compared with young adults, focusing on age-related mu rhythm changes. By comprehensive review, we found that, compared with young adults, older adults showed mu/beta activity change in four characteristics during voluntary movement, increased event-related desynchronization (ERD), earlier beginning and later end, symmetric pattern of ERD and increased recruitment of cortical areas, and substantially reduced beta event-related desynchronization (ERS). It was also found that mu/beta rhythm patterns of action observation were changing with aging. Future work is needed in order to investigate not only the localization but also the network of mu/beta rhythm in older adults. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:54:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aa42a77619b840f3bdfc3979bff9f18c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:54:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj.art-aa42a77619b840f3bdfc3979bff9f18c2023-11-18T00:42:17ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252023-04-0113575110.3390/brainsci13050751Motor-Related Mu/Beta Rhythm in Older Adults: A Comprehensive ReviewTakashi Inamoto0Masaya Ueda1Keita Ueno2China Shiroma3Rin Morita4Yasuo Naito5Ryouhei Ishii6Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 583-8555, JapanGraduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 583-8555, JapanGraduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 583-8555, JapanGraduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 583-8555, JapanGraduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 583-8555, JapanGraduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 583-8555, JapanGraduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 583-8555, JapanMu rhythm, also known as the mu wave, occurs on sensorimotor cortex activity at rest, and the frequency range is defined as 8–13Hz, the same frequency as the alpha band. Mu rhythm is a cortical oscillation that can be recorded from the scalp over the primary sensorimotor cortex by electroencephalogram (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG). The subjects of previous mu/beta rhythm studies ranged widely from infants to young and older adults. Furthermore, these subjects were not only healthy people but also patients with various neurological and psychiatric diseases. However, very few studies have referred to the effect of mu/beta rhythm with aging, and there was no literature review about this theme. It is important to review the details of the characteristics of mu/beta rhythm activity in older adults compared with young adults, focusing on age-related mu rhythm changes. By comprehensive review, we found that, compared with young adults, older adults showed mu/beta activity change in four characteristics during voluntary movement, increased event-related desynchronization (ERD), earlier beginning and later end, symmetric pattern of ERD and increased recruitment of cortical areas, and substantially reduced beta event-related desynchronization (ERS). It was also found that mu/beta rhythm patterns of action observation were changing with aging. Future work is needed in order to investigate not only the localization but also the network of mu/beta rhythm in older adults.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/13/5/751mu rhythmbeta rhythmagingolder adultsmovementaction observation |
| spellingShingle | Takashi Inamoto Masaya Ueda Keita Ueno China Shiroma Rin Morita Yasuo Naito Ryouhei Ishii Motor-Related Mu/Beta Rhythm in Older Adults: A Comprehensive Review Brain Sciences mu rhythm beta rhythm aging older adults movement action observation |
| title | Motor-Related Mu/Beta Rhythm in Older Adults: A Comprehensive Review |
| title_full | Motor-Related Mu/Beta Rhythm in Older Adults: A Comprehensive Review |
| title_fullStr | Motor-Related Mu/Beta Rhythm in Older Adults: A Comprehensive Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Motor-Related Mu/Beta Rhythm in Older Adults: A Comprehensive Review |
| title_short | Motor-Related Mu/Beta Rhythm in Older Adults: A Comprehensive Review |
| title_sort | motor related mu beta rhythm in older adults a comprehensive review |
| topic | mu rhythm beta rhythm aging older adults movement action observation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/13/5/751 |
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