Effect of sterilization on 3-point dynamic response to in vitro bending of an Mg implant
Abstract Background The aim of the study is to characterize a biomedical magnesium alloy and highlighting the loss of mechanical integrity due to the sterilization method. Ideally, when using these alloys is to delay the onset of degradation so that the implant can support body loads and avoid toxic...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Biomaterials Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-021-00207-9 |
| _version_ | 1797287518268293120 |
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| author | Luis Humberto Campos Becerra Marco Antonio Loudovic Hernández Rodríguez Raúl Lesso Arroyo Hugo Esquivel Solís Alejandro Torres Castro |
| author_facet | Luis Humberto Campos Becerra Marco Antonio Loudovic Hernández Rodríguez Raúl Lesso Arroyo Hugo Esquivel Solís Alejandro Torres Castro |
| author_sort | Luis Humberto Campos Becerra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The aim of the study is to characterize a biomedical magnesium alloy and highlighting the loss of mechanical integrity due to the sterilization method. Ideally, when using these alloys is to delay the onset of degradation so that the implant can support body loads and avoid toxicological effects due to the release of metal ions into the body. Methods Standardized procedures according to ASTM F-1264 and ISO-10993-5 were used, respecting detailed methodological controls to ensure accuracy and reproducibility of the results, this testing methodology is carried out in accordance with the monographs of the Pharmacopoeia for the approval of medical devices and obtaining a health registration. An intramedullary implant (IIM) manufactured in magnesium (Mg) WE43 can support loads of the body in the initial period of bone consolidation without compromising the integrity of the fractured area. A system with these characteristics would improve morbidity and health costs by avoiding secondary surgical interventions. Results As a property, the fatigue resistance of Mg in aggressive environments such as the body environment undergoes progressive degradation, however, the autoclave sterilization method drastically affects fatigue resistance, as demonstrated in tests carried out under in vitro conditions. Coupled with this phenomenon, the relatively poor biocompatibility of Mg WE43 alloys has limited applications where they can be used due to low acceptance rates from agencies such as the FDA. However, Mg alloy with elements such as yttrium and rare earth elements (REEs) have been shown to delay biodegradation depending on the method of sterilization and the physiological solution used. With different sterilization techniques, it may be possible to keep toxicological effects to a minimum while still ensuring a balance between the integrity of fractured bone and implant degradation time. Therefore, the evaluation of fatigue resistance of WE43 specimens sterilized and tested in immersion conditions (enriched Hank’s solution) and according to ASTM F-1264, along with the morphological, crystallinity, and biocompatibility characterization of the WE43 alloy allows for a comprehensive evaluation of the mechanical and biological properties of WE43. Conclusions These results will support decision-making to generate a change in the current perspective of biomaterials utilized in medical devices (MDs), to be considered by manufacturers and health regulatory agencies. An implant manufactured in WE43 alloy can be used as an intramedullary implant, considering keeping elements such as yttrium-REEs below as specified in its designation and with the help of a coating that allows increasing the life of the implant in vivo. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T18:35:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aa442c5d90d24049b8267347811ddff4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2055-7124 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T18:35:31Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomaterials Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-aa442c5d90d24049b8267347811ddff42024-03-02T05:03:47ZengAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)Biomaterials Research2055-71242021-04-0125111810.1186/s40824-021-00207-9Effect of sterilization on 3-point dynamic response to in vitro bending of an Mg implantLuis Humberto Campos Becerra0Marco Antonio Loudovic Hernández Rodríguez1Raúl Lesso Arroyo2Hugo Esquivel Solís3Alejandro Torres Castro4Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL)Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL)Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica., Biomecánica, Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya (ITC)Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ)Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL)Abstract Background The aim of the study is to characterize a biomedical magnesium alloy and highlighting the loss of mechanical integrity due to the sterilization method. Ideally, when using these alloys is to delay the onset of degradation so that the implant can support body loads and avoid toxicological effects due to the release of metal ions into the body. Methods Standardized procedures according to ASTM F-1264 and ISO-10993-5 were used, respecting detailed methodological controls to ensure accuracy and reproducibility of the results, this testing methodology is carried out in accordance with the monographs of the Pharmacopoeia for the approval of medical devices and obtaining a health registration. An intramedullary implant (IIM) manufactured in magnesium (Mg) WE43 can support loads of the body in the initial period of bone consolidation without compromising the integrity of the fractured area. A system with these characteristics would improve morbidity and health costs by avoiding secondary surgical interventions. Results As a property, the fatigue resistance of Mg in aggressive environments such as the body environment undergoes progressive degradation, however, the autoclave sterilization method drastically affects fatigue resistance, as demonstrated in tests carried out under in vitro conditions. Coupled with this phenomenon, the relatively poor biocompatibility of Mg WE43 alloys has limited applications where they can be used due to low acceptance rates from agencies such as the FDA. However, Mg alloy with elements such as yttrium and rare earth elements (REEs) have been shown to delay biodegradation depending on the method of sterilization and the physiological solution used. With different sterilization techniques, it may be possible to keep toxicological effects to a minimum while still ensuring a balance between the integrity of fractured bone and implant degradation time. Therefore, the evaluation of fatigue resistance of WE43 specimens sterilized and tested in immersion conditions (enriched Hank’s solution) and according to ASTM F-1264, along with the morphological, crystallinity, and biocompatibility characterization of the WE43 alloy allows for a comprehensive evaluation of the mechanical and biological properties of WE43. Conclusions These results will support decision-making to generate a change in the current perspective of biomaterials utilized in medical devices (MDs), to be considered by manufacturers and health regulatory agencies. An implant manufactured in WE43 alloy can be used as an intramedullary implant, considering keeping elements such as yttrium-REEs below as specified in its designation and with the help of a coating that allows increasing the life of the implant in vivo.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-021-00207-9Intramedullary implantFatigue resistanceMorphological characterizationBiological evaluationToxicity |
| spellingShingle | Luis Humberto Campos Becerra Marco Antonio Loudovic Hernández Rodríguez Raúl Lesso Arroyo Hugo Esquivel Solís Alejandro Torres Castro Effect of sterilization on 3-point dynamic response to in vitro bending of an Mg implant Biomaterials Research Intramedullary implant Fatigue resistance Morphological characterization Biological evaluation Toxicity |
| title | Effect of sterilization on 3-point dynamic response to in vitro bending of an Mg implant |
| title_full | Effect of sterilization on 3-point dynamic response to in vitro bending of an Mg implant |
| title_fullStr | Effect of sterilization on 3-point dynamic response to in vitro bending of an Mg implant |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of sterilization on 3-point dynamic response to in vitro bending of an Mg implant |
| title_short | Effect of sterilization on 3-point dynamic response to in vitro bending of an Mg implant |
| title_sort | effect of sterilization on 3 point dynamic response to in vitro bending of an mg implant |
| topic | Intramedullary implant Fatigue resistance Morphological characterization Biological evaluation Toxicity |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-021-00207-9 |
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