Seasonal trends and phenology shifts in sea surface temperature on the North American northeastern continental shelf
The northeastern North American continental shelf from Cape Hatteras to the Scotian Shelf is a region of globally extreme positive trends in sea surface temperature (SST). Here, a 33-year (1982–2014) time series of daily satellite SST data was used to quantify and map spatial patterns in SST trends...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BioOne
2017-08-01
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| Series: | Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.elementascience.org/articles/240 |
| _version_ | 1819206450176589824 |
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| author | Andrew C. Thomas Andrew J. Pershing Kevin D. Friedland Janet A. Nye Katherine E. Mills Michael A. Alexander Nicholas R. Record Ryan Weatherbee M. Elisabeth Henderson |
| author_facet | Andrew C. Thomas Andrew J. Pershing Kevin D. Friedland Janet A. Nye Katherine E. Mills Michael A. Alexander Nicholas R. Record Ryan Weatherbee M. Elisabeth Henderson |
| author_sort | Andrew C. Thomas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The northeastern North American continental shelf from Cape Hatteras to the Scotian Shelf is a region of globally extreme positive trends in sea surface temperature (SST). Here, a 33-year (1982–2014) time series of daily satellite SST data was used to quantify and map spatial patterns in SST trends and phenology over this shelf. Strongest trends are over the Scotian Shelf (>0.6°C decade–1) and Gulf of Maine (>0.4°C decade–1) with weaker trends over the inner Mid-Atlantic Bight (~0.3°C decade–1). Winter (January–April) trends are relatively weak, and even negative in some areas; early summer (May–June) trends are positive everywhere, and later summer (July–September) trends are strongest (~1.0°C decade–1). These seasonal differences shift the phenology of many metrics of the SST cycle. The yearday on which specific temperature thresholds (8° and 12°C) are reached in spring trends earlier, most strongly over the Scotian Shelf and Gulf of Maine (~ –0.5 days year–1). Three metrics defining the warmest summer period show significant trends towards earlier summer starts, later summer ends and longer summer duration over the entire study region. Trends in start and end dates are strongest (~1 day year–1) over the Gulf of Maine and Scotian Shelf. Trends in increased summer duration are >2.0 days year–1 in parts of the Gulf of Maine. Regression analyses show that phenology trends have regionally varying links to the North Atlantic Oscillation, to local spring and summer atmospheric pressure and air temperature and to Gulf Stream position. For effective monitoring and management of dynamically heterogeneous shelf regions, the results highlight the need to quantify spatial and seasonal differences in SST trends as well as trends in SST phenology, each of which likely has implications for the ecological functioning of the shelf |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T05:07:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aa6efa1edd0644888ed6b4f0a585a71b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2325-1026 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T05:07:47Z |
| publishDate | 2017-08-01 |
| publisher | BioOne |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |
| spelling | doaj.art-aa6efa1edd0644888ed6b4f0a585a71b2022-12-21T17:59:02ZengBioOneElementa: Science of the Anthropocene2325-10262017-08-01510.1525/elementa.240190Seasonal trends and phenology shifts in sea surface temperature on the North American northeastern continental shelfAndrew C. Thomas0Andrew J. Pershing1Kevin D. Friedland2Janet A. Nye3Katherine E. Mills4Michael A. Alexander5Nicholas R. Record6Ryan Weatherbee7M. Elisabeth Henderson8School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, MaineGulf of Maine Research Institute, Portland, MaineNational Marine Fisheries Service, Narragansett, Rhode IslandSchool of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New YorkGulf of Maine Research Institute, Portland, MaineNOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, ColoradoBigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, MaineSchool of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, MaineSchool of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New YorkThe northeastern North American continental shelf from Cape Hatteras to the Scotian Shelf is a region of globally extreme positive trends in sea surface temperature (SST). Here, a 33-year (1982–2014) time series of daily satellite SST data was used to quantify and map spatial patterns in SST trends and phenology over this shelf. Strongest trends are over the Scotian Shelf (>0.6°C decade–1) and Gulf of Maine (>0.4°C decade–1) with weaker trends over the inner Mid-Atlantic Bight (~0.3°C decade–1). Winter (January–April) trends are relatively weak, and even negative in some areas; early summer (May–June) trends are positive everywhere, and later summer (July–September) trends are strongest (~1.0°C decade–1). These seasonal differences shift the phenology of many metrics of the SST cycle. The yearday on which specific temperature thresholds (8° and 12°C) are reached in spring trends earlier, most strongly over the Scotian Shelf and Gulf of Maine (~ –0.5 days year–1). Three metrics defining the warmest summer period show significant trends towards earlier summer starts, later summer ends and longer summer duration over the entire study region. Trends in start and end dates are strongest (~1 day year–1) over the Gulf of Maine and Scotian Shelf. Trends in increased summer duration are >2.0 days year–1 in parts of the Gulf of Maine. Regression analyses show that phenology trends have regionally varying links to the North Atlantic Oscillation, to local spring and summer atmospheric pressure and air temperature and to Gulf Stream position. For effective monitoring and management of dynamically heterogeneous shelf regions, the results highlight the need to quantify spatial and seasonal differences in SST trends as well as trends in SST phenology, each of which likely has implications for the ecological functioning of the shelfhttps://www.elementascience.org/articles/240sea surface temperaturetrendsphenologyseasonal cyclesUS northeastern continental shelf |
| spellingShingle | Andrew C. Thomas Andrew J. Pershing Kevin D. Friedland Janet A. Nye Katherine E. Mills Michael A. Alexander Nicholas R. Record Ryan Weatherbee M. Elisabeth Henderson Seasonal trends and phenology shifts in sea surface temperature on the North American northeastern continental shelf Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene sea surface temperature trends phenology seasonal cycles US northeastern continental shelf |
| title | Seasonal trends and phenology shifts in sea surface temperature on the North American northeastern continental shelf |
| title_full | Seasonal trends and phenology shifts in sea surface temperature on the North American northeastern continental shelf |
| title_fullStr | Seasonal trends and phenology shifts in sea surface temperature on the North American northeastern continental shelf |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seasonal trends and phenology shifts in sea surface temperature on the North American northeastern continental shelf |
| title_short | Seasonal trends and phenology shifts in sea surface temperature on the North American northeastern continental shelf |
| title_sort | seasonal trends and phenology shifts in sea surface temperature on the north american northeastern continental shelf |
| topic | sea surface temperature trends phenology seasonal cycles US northeastern continental shelf |
| url | https://www.elementascience.org/articles/240 |
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