Iodine and Iodine Deficiency: A Comprehensive Review of a Re-Emerging Issue
Iodine is a mineral nutrient essential for the regulation of a variety of key physiological functions including metabolism and brain development and function in children and adults. As such, iodine intake and status within populations is an area of concern and research focus. This paper will review...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-08-01
|
| Series: | Nutrients |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/17/3474 |
| _version_ | 1797493867275091968 |
|---|---|
| author | Adrienne Hatch-McChesney Harris R. Lieberman |
| author_facet | Adrienne Hatch-McChesney Harris R. Lieberman |
| author_sort | Adrienne Hatch-McChesney |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Iodine is a mineral nutrient essential for the regulation of a variety of key physiological functions including metabolism and brain development and function in children and adults. As such, iodine intake and status within populations is an area of concern and research focus. This paper will review recently published studies that focus on the re-emerging issue of iodine deficiency as a global concern and declining intake among populations in developed countries. Historically, the implementation of salt-iodization programs worldwide has reduced the incidence of iodine deficiency, but 30% of the world’s population is still at risk. Iodine nutrition is a growing issue within industrialized countries including the U.S. as a result of declining iodine intake, in part due to changing dietary patterns and food manufacturing practices. Few countries mandate universal salt iodization policies, and differing agriculture and industry practices and regulations among countries have resulted in inconsistencies in supplementation practices. In the U.S., in spite of salt-iodization policies, mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency is common and appears to be increasing. European countries with the highest incidence of deficiency lack iodization programs. Monitoring the iodine status of at-risk populations and, when appropriate, public health initiatives, appear to be warranted. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:26:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aa87ce68d70243f69726fba747c37aeb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:26:08Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-aa87ce68d70243f69726fba747c37aeb2023-11-23T13:51:08ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-08-011417347410.3390/nu14173474Iodine and Iodine Deficiency: A Comprehensive Review of a Re-Emerging IssueAdrienne Hatch-McChesney0Harris R. Lieberman1Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Natick, MA 01760, USAMilitary Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Natick, MA 01760, USAIodine is a mineral nutrient essential for the regulation of a variety of key physiological functions including metabolism and brain development and function in children and adults. As such, iodine intake and status within populations is an area of concern and research focus. This paper will review recently published studies that focus on the re-emerging issue of iodine deficiency as a global concern and declining intake among populations in developed countries. Historically, the implementation of salt-iodization programs worldwide has reduced the incidence of iodine deficiency, but 30% of the world’s population is still at risk. Iodine nutrition is a growing issue within industrialized countries including the U.S. as a result of declining iodine intake, in part due to changing dietary patterns and food manufacturing practices. Few countries mandate universal salt iodization policies, and differing agriculture and industry practices and regulations among countries have resulted in inconsistencies in supplementation practices. In the U.S., in spite of salt-iodization policies, mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency is common and appears to be increasing. European countries with the highest incidence of deficiency lack iodization programs. Monitoring the iodine status of at-risk populations and, when appropriate, public health initiatives, appear to be warranted.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/17/3474iodine deficiency disordersurinary iodine concentrationthyroid stimulating hormoneiodized saltsupplementation |
| spellingShingle | Adrienne Hatch-McChesney Harris R. Lieberman Iodine and Iodine Deficiency: A Comprehensive Review of a Re-Emerging Issue Nutrients iodine deficiency disorders urinary iodine concentration thyroid stimulating hormone iodized salt supplementation |
| title | Iodine and Iodine Deficiency: A Comprehensive Review of a Re-Emerging Issue |
| title_full | Iodine and Iodine Deficiency: A Comprehensive Review of a Re-Emerging Issue |
| title_fullStr | Iodine and Iodine Deficiency: A Comprehensive Review of a Re-Emerging Issue |
| title_full_unstemmed | Iodine and Iodine Deficiency: A Comprehensive Review of a Re-Emerging Issue |
| title_short | Iodine and Iodine Deficiency: A Comprehensive Review of a Re-Emerging Issue |
| title_sort | iodine and iodine deficiency a comprehensive review of a re emerging issue |
| topic | iodine deficiency disorders urinary iodine concentration thyroid stimulating hormone iodized salt supplementation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/17/3474 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT adriennehatchmcchesney iodineandiodinedeficiencyacomprehensivereviewofareemergingissue AT harrisrlieberman iodineandiodinedeficiencyacomprehensivereviewofareemergingissue |