Oxygen Optode Sensors: Principle, Characterization, Calibration, and Application in the Ocean
Recently, measurements of oxygen concentration in the ocean—one of the most classical parameters in chemical oceanography—are experiencing a revival. This is not surprising, given the key role of oxygen for assessing the status of the marine carbon cycle and feeling the pulse of the biological pump....
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2017.00429/full |
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| author | Henry C. Bittig Arne Körtzinger Arne Körtzinger Craig Neill Eikbert van Ooijen Joshua N. Plant Johannes Hahn Kenneth S. Johnson Bo Yang Steven R. Emerson |
| author_facet | Henry C. Bittig Arne Körtzinger Arne Körtzinger Craig Neill Eikbert van Ooijen Joshua N. Plant Johannes Hahn Kenneth S. Johnson Bo Yang Steven R. Emerson |
| author_sort | Henry C. Bittig |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recently, measurements of oxygen concentration in the ocean—one of the most classical parameters in chemical oceanography—are experiencing a revival. This is not surprising, given the key role of oxygen for assessing the status of the marine carbon cycle and feeling the pulse of the biological pump. The revival, however, has to a large extent been driven by the availability of robust optical oxygen sensors and their painstakingly thorough characterization. For autonomous observations, oxygen optodes are the sensors of choice: They are used abundantly on Biogeochemical-Argo floats, gliders and other autonomous oceanographic observation platforms. Still, data quality and accuracy are often suboptimal, in some part because sensor and data treatment are not always straightforward and/or sensor characteristics are not adequately taken into account. Here, we want to summarize the current knowledge about oxygen optodes, their working principle as well as their behavior with respect to oxygen, temperature, hydrostatic pressure, and response time. The focus will lie on the most widely used and accepted optodes made by Aanderaa and Sea-Bird. We revisit the essentials and caveats of in-situ in air calibration as well as of time response correction for profiling applications, and provide requirements for a successful field deployment. In addition, all required steps to post-correct oxygen optode data will be discussed. We hope this summary will serve as a comprehensive, yet concise reference to help people get started with oxygen observations, ensure successful sensor deployments and acquisition of highest quality data, and facilitate post-treatment of oxygen data. In the end, we hope that this will lead to more and higher-quality oxygen observations and help to advance our understanding of ocean biogeochemistry in a changing ocean. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T02:21:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aa8cc387509e412cbfdd127f8a6bd4bb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T02:21:41Z |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-aa8cc387509e412cbfdd127f8a6bd4bb2022-12-22T00:41:40ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452018-01-01410.3389/fmars.2017.00429302171Oxygen Optode Sensors: Principle, Characterization, Calibration, and Application in the OceanHenry C. Bittig0Arne Körtzinger1Arne Körtzinger2Craig Neill3Eikbert van Ooijen4Joshua N. Plant5Johannes Hahn6Kenneth S. Johnson7Bo Yang8Steven R. Emerson9UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Villefranche-sur-Mer, FranceGEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Kiel, GermanyChristian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, GermanyCSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, AustraliaCSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, AustraliaMonterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA, United StatesGEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Kiel, GermanyMonterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA, United StatesSchool of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United StatesSchool of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United StatesRecently, measurements of oxygen concentration in the ocean—one of the most classical parameters in chemical oceanography—are experiencing a revival. This is not surprising, given the key role of oxygen for assessing the status of the marine carbon cycle and feeling the pulse of the biological pump. The revival, however, has to a large extent been driven by the availability of robust optical oxygen sensors and their painstakingly thorough characterization. For autonomous observations, oxygen optodes are the sensors of choice: They are used abundantly on Biogeochemical-Argo floats, gliders and other autonomous oceanographic observation platforms. Still, data quality and accuracy are often suboptimal, in some part because sensor and data treatment are not always straightforward and/or sensor characteristics are not adequately taken into account. Here, we want to summarize the current knowledge about oxygen optodes, their working principle as well as their behavior with respect to oxygen, temperature, hydrostatic pressure, and response time. The focus will lie on the most widely used and accepted optodes made by Aanderaa and Sea-Bird. We revisit the essentials and caveats of in-situ in air calibration as well as of time response correction for profiling applications, and provide requirements for a successful field deployment. In addition, all required steps to post-correct oxygen optode data will be discussed. We hope this summary will serve as a comprehensive, yet concise reference to help people get started with oxygen observations, ensure successful sensor deployments and acquisition of highest quality data, and facilitate post-treatment of oxygen data. In the end, we hope that this will lead to more and higher-quality oxygen observations and help to advance our understanding of ocean biogeochemistry in a changing ocean.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2017.00429/fulldissolved oxygenocean observationoperational oceanographymarine technologycalibrationintercomparison |
| spellingShingle | Henry C. Bittig Arne Körtzinger Arne Körtzinger Craig Neill Eikbert van Ooijen Joshua N. Plant Johannes Hahn Kenneth S. Johnson Bo Yang Steven R. Emerson Oxygen Optode Sensors: Principle, Characterization, Calibration, and Application in the Ocean Frontiers in Marine Science dissolved oxygen ocean observation operational oceanography marine technology calibration intercomparison |
| title | Oxygen Optode Sensors: Principle, Characterization, Calibration, and Application in the Ocean |
| title_full | Oxygen Optode Sensors: Principle, Characterization, Calibration, and Application in the Ocean |
| title_fullStr | Oxygen Optode Sensors: Principle, Characterization, Calibration, and Application in the Ocean |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oxygen Optode Sensors: Principle, Characterization, Calibration, and Application in the Ocean |
| title_short | Oxygen Optode Sensors: Principle, Characterization, Calibration, and Application in the Ocean |
| title_sort | oxygen optode sensors principle characterization calibration and application in the ocean |
| topic | dissolved oxygen ocean observation operational oceanography marine technology calibration intercomparison |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2017.00429/full |
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