| Summary: | Five genera of Brachyopini, <i>Chrysogaster</i> Meigen, 1800, <i>Melanogaster</i> Rondani, 1857, <i>Lejogaster</i> Rondani, 1857, <i>Orthonevra</i> Macquart, 1829 and <i>Riponnensia</i> Maibach et al. 1994a are here revised from the Iberian region. Two new species, <i>Melanogaster baetica</i> Ricarte and Nedeljković, sp. n. and <i>Orthonevra arcana</i> Ricarte and Nedeljković sp. n., are described from Spain, and a third species, <i>Chrysogaster coerulea</i> Strobl <i>in</i> Czerny and Strobl, 1909 stat. n., is reinstated as valid and redescribed. A lectotype is designated for <i>Orthonevra plumbago</i> (Loew, 1840). The holotype of <i>Orthonevra incisa</i> (Loew, 1843) and the lectotype of <i>O. plumbago</i> are described in detail and illustrated. <i>Melanogaster baetica</i> sp. n. is similar to <i>Melanogaster parumplicata</i> (Loew, 1840) in male genitalia morphology, while <i>O. arcana</i> sp. n. is similar to <i>O. incisa</i> in the entirely-pollinose sternum I and the conspicuous incision on the posterior margin of tergum V in female. The first Iberian record of <i>Chrysogaster rondanii</i> Maibach and Goeldlin de Tiefenau, 1995 is provided, whilst <i>Melanogaster aerosa</i> is removed from the Iberian checklist of Syrphidae. Identification keys are presented to the five Brachyopini genera and 18 species now reported from the Iberian Peninsula (<i>Chrysogaster</i>, 6 spp.; <i>Lejogaster</i>, 2 spp.; <i>Melanogaster</i>, 3 spp.; <i>Orthonevra</i>, 5 spp.; <i>Riponnensia</i>, 2 spp.). COI (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) barcodes of the two new species plus <i>C. coerulea</i>, <i>Chrysogaster solstitialis</i> (Fallén, 1817), <i>Orthonevra nobilis</i> (Fallén, 1817) and <i>Orthonevra frontalis</i> (Loew, 1843) were successfully obtained from Spanish specimens. A COI-based tree was produced to locate these taxa in a wider systematic framework within the tribe.
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