Performance Evaluation of Cementless Composites with Alkali-Sulfate Activator for Field Application
This study analyzed the performance evaluation of alkali-activated composites (AAC) with an alkali-sulfate activator and determined the expected effects of applying AACs to actual sites. Results revealed that when the binder weight was increased by 100 kg/m<sup>3</sup> at 7 days of age,...
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/23/5410 |
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| author | Jaehyun Lee Taegyu Lee Seungwoo Lee Hyeonggil Choi |
| author_facet | Jaehyun Lee Taegyu Lee Seungwoo Lee Hyeonggil Choi |
| author_sort | Jaehyun Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study analyzed the performance evaluation of alkali-activated composites (AAC) with an alkali-sulfate activator and determined the expected effects of applying AACs to actual sites. Results revealed that when the binder weight was increased by 100 kg/m<sup>3</sup> at 7 days of age, the homogel strength of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and AAC increased by 0.9 and 5.0 MPa, respectively. According to the analysis of the matrix microstructures at 7 days of age, calcium silicate hydrates (C–S–H, Ca<sub>1.5</sub>SiO<sub>3.5</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O) and ettringite (Ca<sub>6</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>12</sub>·26H<sub>2</sub>O) were formed in AAC, which are similar hydration products as found in OPC. Furthermore, the acid resistance analysis showed that the mass change of AAC in HCl and H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> solutions ranged from 36.1% to 88.0%, lower than that of OPC, indicating AAC’s superior acid resistance. Moreover, the OPC and AAC binder weight ranges satisfying the target geltime (20–50 s) were estimated as 180.1–471.1 kg/m<sup>3</sup> and 261.2–469.9 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively, and the global warming potential (GWP) according to binder weight range was 102.3–257.3 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq/m<sup>3</sup> and 72.9–126.0 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq/m<sup>3</sup>. Therefore, by applying AAC to actual sites, GWP is expected to be 29.5 (28.8%)–131.3 (51.0%) kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq/m<sup>3</sup> less than that of OPC. |
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| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:30:00Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-aa9fac3b4c0d4c9b89b7cfc37e975a892023-11-20T22:41:25ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442020-11-011323541010.3390/ma13235410Performance Evaluation of Cementless Composites with Alkali-Sulfate Activator for Field ApplicationJaehyun Lee0Taegyu Lee1Seungwoo Lee2Hyeonggil Choi3Department of Safety Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, KoreaDepartment of Fire and Disaster Prevention, Semyung University, 65 Semyung-ro, Jecheon-si, Chungbuk 27136, KoreaSchool of Architecture, Civil, Environment, and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Buk-Gu, Daegu 41566, KoreaSchool of Architecture, Civil, Environment, and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Buk-Gu, Daegu 41566, KoreaThis study analyzed the performance evaluation of alkali-activated composites (AAC) with an alkali-sulfate activator and determined the expected effects of applying AACs to actual sites. Results revealed that when the binder weight was increased by 100 kg/m<sup>3</sup> at 7 days of age, the homogel strength of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and AAC increased by 0.9 and 5.0 MPa, respectively. According to the analysis of the matrix microstructures at 7 days of age, calcium silicate hydrates (C–S–H, Ca<sub>1.5</sub>SiO<sub>3.5</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O) and ettringite (Ca<sub>6</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>12</sub>·26H<sub>2</sub>O) were formed in AAC, which are similar hydration products as found in OPC. Furthermore, the acid resistance analysis showed that the mass change of AAC in HCl and H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> solutions ranged from 36.1% to 88.0%, lower than that of OPC, indicating AAC’s superior acid resistance. Moreover, the OPC and AAC binder weight ranges satisfying the target geltime (20–50 s) were estimated as 180.1–471.1 kg/m<sup>3</sup> and 261.2–469.9 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively, and the global warming potential (GWP) according to binder weight range was 102.3–257.3 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq/m<sup>3</sup> and 72.9–126.0 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq/m<sup>3</sup>. Therefore, by applying AAC to actual sites, GWP is expected to be 29.5 (28.8%)–131.3 (51.0%) kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq/m<sup>3</sup> less than that of OPC.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/23/5410alkali-activated composites (AAC)alkali-sulfate activatorengineering propertiesacid resistance propertiesCO<sub>2</sub> reduction properties |
| spellingShingle | Jaehyun Lee Taegyu Lee Seungwoo Lee Hyeonggil Choi Performance Evaluation of Cementless Composites with Alkali-Sulfate Activator for Field Application Materials alkali-activated composites (AAC) alkali-sulfate activator engineering properties acid resistance properties CO<sub>2</sub> reduction properties |
| title | Performance Evaluation of Cementless Composites with Alkali-Sulfate Activator for Field Application |
| title_full | Performance Evaluation of Cementless Composites with Alkali-Sulfate Activator for Field Application |
| title_fullStr | Performance Evaluation of Cementless Composites with Alkali-Sulfate Activator for Field Application |
| title_full_unstemmed | Performance Evaluation of Cementless Composites with Alkali-Sulfate Activator for Field Application |
| title_short | Performance Evaluation of Cementless Composites with Alkali-Sulfate Activator for Field Application |
| title_sort | performance evaluation of cementless composites with alkali sulfate activator for field application |
| topic | alkali-activated composites (AAC) alkali-sulfate activator engineering properties acid resistance properties CO<sub>2</sub> reduction properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/23/5410 |
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