Co-use of tobacco and cannabis: Complicated partnerships
Introduction Treating addiction is more challenging when there are co-addictions. Tobacco smoking is commonly associated with substance abuse, alcohol use disorders, excessive caffeine intake and pathological gambling among other addictions. Smoking reduction and cessation programmes´ objectives b...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Cambridge University Press
2021-04-01
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| Series: | European Psychiatry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924933821015340/type/journal_article |
| _version_ | 1797617082462896128 |
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| author | I. Ganhao M. Trigo A. Paixao |
| author_facet | I. Ganhao M. Trigo A. Paixao |
| author_sort | I. Ganhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Introduction
Treating addiction is more challenging when there are co-addictions. Tobacco smoking is commonly associated with substance abuse, alcohol use disorders, excessive caffeine intake and pathological gambling among other addictions. Smoking reduction and cessation programmes´ objectives benefit from interventions targeting co-addictions.
Objectives
Difficulties arising from smoking reduction and cessation in the context of co-use of cannabis prompt literature review and reflection of a smoking cessation programme team.
Methods
Pubmed and Google Scholar literature search using terms smoking cessation / tobacco cessation and cannabis.
Results
Co-use of tobacco and cannabis is: 1) very common, 2) associated with greater prevalence of morbidity and social problems, 3) associated with greater dependence of the other substances, 4) negatively influences quit outcomes of either, 5) increases the risk of relapse. Co-users are more likely to perceive the harmful effects of tobacco, have greater motivation and are more likely to quit tobacco than cannabis, which may be perceived as low risk. Treatment of either tobacco smoking or cannabis use may lead to compensatory increase in use of the other substance. There is a significant lack of literature on co-use treatment strategies.
Conclusions
Co-use of tobacco and cannabis makes cessation and relapse prevention of either addiction more difficult and should be taken into account in smoking reduction and cessation programmes and in cannabis treatment interventions. Treatment targetting both tobacco and cannabis use, either simultaneously or sequentially, is likely more successful than interventions targeting only either one. Much remais to be studied on how to treat co-use of tobacco and cannabis.
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| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:50:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aaa24a73e9714c29af2ccda011b758f2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0924-9338 1778-3585 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:50:45Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | European Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-aaa24a73e9714c29af2ccda011b758f22023-11-17T05:06:46ZengCambridge University PressEuropean Psychiatry0924-93381778-35852021-04-0164S575S57510.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1534Co-use of tobacco and cannabis: Complicated partnershipsI. Ganhao0M. Trigo1A. Paixao2Smoking Reduction And Cessation Programme, Centro Hospitalar Psiquiatrico de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalPsychology Unit, Centro Hospitalar Psiquiatrico de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalClinic 4, Centro Hospitalar Psiquiatrico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal Introduction Treating addiction is more challenging when there are co-addictions. Tobacco smoking is commonly associated with substance abuse, alcohol use disorders, excessive caffeine intake and pathological gambling among other addictions. Smoking reduction and cessation programmes´ objectives benefit from interventions targeting co-addictions. Objectives Difficulties arising from smoking reduction and cessation in the context of co-use of cannabis prompt literature review and reflection of a smoking cessation programme team. Methods Pubmed and Google Scholar literature search using terms smoking cessation / tobacco cessation and cannabis. Results Co-use of tobacco and cannabis is: 1) very common, 2) associated with greater prevalence of morbidity and social problems, 3) associated with greater dependence of the other substances, 4) negatively influences quit outcomes of either, 5) increases the risk of relapse. Co-users are more likely to perceive the harmful effects of tobacco, have greater motivation and are more likely to quit tobacco than cannabis, which may be perceived as low risk. Treatment of either tobacco smoking or cannabis use may lead to compensatory increase in use of the other substance. There is a significant lack of literature on co-use treatment strategies. Conclusions Co-use of tobacco and cannabis makes cessation and relapse prevention of either addiction more difficult and should be taken into account in smoking reduction and cessation programmes and in cannabis treatment interventions. Treatment targetting both tobacco and cannabis use, either simultaneously or sequentially, is likely more successful than interventions targeting only either one. Much remais to be studied on how to treat co-use of tobacco and cannabis. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924933821015340/type/journal_articletobacco smokingcannabissmoking cessation |
| spellingShingle | I. Ganhao M. Trigo A. Paixao Co-use of tobacco and cannabis: Complicated partnerships European Psychiatry tobacco smoking cannabis smoking cessation |
| title | Co-use of tobacco and cannabis: Complicated partnerships |
| title_full | Co-use of tobacco and cannabis: Complicated partnerships |
| title_fullStr | Co-use of tobacco and cannabis: Complicated partnerships |
| title_full_unstemmed | Co-use of tobacco and cannabis: Complicated partnerships |
| title_short | Co-use of tobacco and cannabis: Complicated partnerships |
| title_sort | co use of tobacco and cannabis complicated partnerships |
| topic | tobacco smoking cannabis smoking cessation |
| url | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924933821015340/type/journal_article |
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