The Relationship Between Obesity and Depression Is Partly Dependent on Metabolic Health Status: A Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database Study
ObjectiveSome studies have demonstrated a bidirectional association between obesity and depression, whereas others have not. This discordance might be due to the metabolic health status. We aimed to determine whether the relationship between obesity and depression is dependent on metabolic health st...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.880230/full |
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| author | Zhixiang Wang Zhixiang Wang Zhixiang Wang Zhixiang Wang Yiping Cheng Yiping Cheng Yiping Cheng Yiping Cheng Yuan Li Yuan Li Yuan Li Yuan Li Junming Han Junming Han Junming Han Junming Han Zhongshang Yuan Qihang Li Qihang Li Qihang Li Qihang Li Fang Zhong Fang Zhong Fang Zhong Fang Zhong Yafei Wu Yafei Wu Yafei Wu Yafei Wu Xiude Fan Xiude Fan Xiude Fan Xiude Fan Tao Bo Ling Gao Ling Gao Ling Gao Ling Gao |
| author_facet | Zhixiang Wang Zhixiang Wang Zhixiang Wang Zhixiang Wang Yiping Cheng Yiping Cheng Yiping Cheng Yiping Cheng Yuan Li Yuan Li Yuan Li Yuan Li Junming Han Junming Han Junming Han Junming Han Zhongshang Yuan Qihang Li Qihang Li Qihang Li Qihang Li Fang Zhong Fang Zhong Fang Zhong Fang Zhong Yafei Wu Yafei Wu Yafei Wu Yafei Wu Xiude Fan Xiude Fan Xiude Fan Xiude Fan Tao Bo Ling Gao Ling Gao Ling Gao Ling Gao |
| author_sort | Zhixiang Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ObjectiveSome studies have demonstrated a bidirectional association between obesity and depression, whereas others have not. This discordance might be due to the metabolic health status. We aimed to determine whether the relationship between obesity and depression is dependent on metabolic health status.MethodsIn total, 9,022,089 participants were enrolled and classified as one of four obesity phenotypes: metabolically healthy nonobesity (MHNO), metabolically unhealthy nonobesity (MUNO), metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). We then divided the population into eight phenotypes based on obesity and the number of metabolic risk factors. Furthermore, the associations of eight phenotypes, based on obesity and specific metabolic risk factors, with depression were assessed.ResultAmong all participants, a higher risk of depression was observed for MUNO, MHO and MUO than for MHNO. The risk was highest for MUO (OR = 1.442; 95% CI = 1.432, 1.451). However, the association between MHO and depression was different for men and women (OR = 0.941, men; OR = 1.132, women). The risk of depression increased as the number of metabolic risk factors increased. Dyslipidemia was the strongest metabolic risk factor. These relationships were consistent among patients ≥ 45 years of age.ConclusionsThe increased risk of obesity-related depression appears to partly depend on metabolic health status. The results highlight the importance of a favorable metabolic status, and even nonobese populations should be screened for metabolic disorders. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T09:02:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aab98b92d5864cf09e1946d8ab9c3c21 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T09:02:13Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj.art-aab98b92d5864cf09e1946d8ab9c3c212022-12-22T00:29:48ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922022-05-011310.3389/fendo.2022.880230880230The Relationship Between Obesity and Depression Is Partly Dependent on Metabolic Health Status: A Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database StudyZhixiang Wang0Zhixiang Wang1Zhixiang Wang2Zhixiang Wang3Yiping Cheng4Yiping Cheng5Yiping Cheng6Yiping Cheng7Yuan Li8Yuan Li9Yuan Li10Yuan Li11Junming Han12Junming Han13Junming Han14Junming Han15Zhongshang Yuan16Qihang Li17Qihang Li18Qihang Li19Qihang Li20Fang Zhong21Fang Zhong22Fang Zhong23Fang Zhong24Yafei Wu25Yafei Wu26Yafei Wu27Yafei Wu28Xiude Fan29Xiude Fan30Xiude Fan31Xiude Fan32Tao Bo33Ling Gao34Ling Gao35Ling Gao36Ling Gao37Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, ChinaShandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, ChinaShandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, ChinaShandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, ChinaShandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, ChinaShandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, ChinaShandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, ChinaShandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, ChinaShandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, ChinaDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, ChinaShandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, ChinaShandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, ChinaShandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, ChinaShandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, ChinaShandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, ChinaShandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, ChinaShandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, ChinaShandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, ChinaCentral Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, ChinaShandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, ChinaShandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, ChinaCentral Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, ChinaObjectiveSome studies have demonstrated a bidirectional association between obesity and depression, whereas others have not. This discordance might be due to the metabolic health status. We aimed to determine whether the relationship between obesity and depression is dependent on metabolic health status.MethodsIn total, 9,022,089 participants were enrolled and classified as one of four obesity phenotypes: metabolically healthy nonobesity (MHNO), metabolically unhealthy nonobesity (MUNO), metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). We then divided the population into eight phenotypes based on obesity and the number of metabolic risk factors. Furthermore, the associations of eight phenotypes, based on obesity and specific metabolic risk factors, with depression were assessed.ResultAmong all participants, a higher risk of depression was observed for MUNO, MHO and MUO than for MHNO. The risk was highest for MUO (OR = 1.442; 95% CI = 1.432, 1.451). However, the association between MHO and depression was different for men and women (OR = 0.941, men; OR = 1.132, women). The risk of depression increased as the number of metabolic risk factors increased. Dyslipidemia was the strongest metabolic risk factor. These relationships were consistent among patients ≥ 45 years of age.ConclusionsThe increased risk of obesity-related depression appears to partly depend on metabolic health status. The results highlight the importance of a favorable metabolic status, and even nonobese populations should be screened for metabolic disorders.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.880230/fullmetabolic obesity phenotypedepressionsex differencemetabolic abnormalitiesage differenceobesity phenotype |
| spellingShingle | Zhixiang Wang Zhixiang Wang Zhixiang Wang Zhixiang Wang Yiping Cheng Yiping Cheng Yiping Cheng Yiping Cheng Yuan Li Yuan Li Yuan Li Yuan Li Junming Han Junming Han Junming Han Junming Han Zhongshang Yuan Qihang Li Qihang Li Qihang Li Qihang Li Fang Zhong Fang Zhong Fang Zhong Fang Zhong Yafei Wu Yafei Wu Yafei Wu Yafei Wu Xiude Fan Xiude Fan Xiude Fan Xiude Fan Tao Bo Ling Gao Ling Gao Ling Gao Ling Gao The Relationship Between Obesity and Depression Is Partly Dependent on Metabolic Health Status: A Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database Study Frontiers in Endocrinology metabolic obesity phenotype depression sex difference metabolic abnormalities age difference obesity phenotype |
| title | The Relationship Between Obesity and Depression Is Partly Dependent on Metabolic Health Status: A Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database Study |
| title_full | The Relationship Between Obesity and Depression Is Partly Dependent on Metabolic Health Status: A Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database Study |
| title_fullStr | The Relationship Between Obesity and Depression Is Partly Dependent on Metabolic Health Status: A Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Relationship Between Obesity and Depression Is Partly Dependent on Metabolic Health Status: A Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database Study |
| title_short | The Relationship Between Obesity and Depression Is Partly Dependent on Metabolic Health Status: A Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database Study |
| title_sort | relationship between obesity and depression is partly dependent on metabolic health status a nationwide inpatient sample database study |
| topic | metabolic obesity phenotype depression sex difference metabolic abnormalities age difference obesity phenotype |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.880230/full |
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