Synthesis and application of cationised cellulose for removal of Cr(VI) from acid mine-drainage contaminated water [version 1; peer review: 4 approved]
Background: Acid mine drainage (AMD) leads to contamination of surface and ground water by high levels of toxic metals including chromium. In many cases, these waters are sources of drinking water for communities, and treatment is therefore required before consumption to prevent negative health effe...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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F1000 Research Ltd
2021-01-01
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| Series: | AAS Open Research |
| Online Access: | https://aasopenresearch.org/articles/4-4/v1 |
| _version_ | 1797718906282967040 |
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| author | Anita Etale Dineo S. Nhlane Alseno K. Mosai Jessica Mhlongo Aaliyah Khan Karl Rumbold Yannick B. Nuapia |
| author_facet | Anita Etale Dineo S. Nhlane Alseno K. Mosai Jessica Mhlongo Aaliyah Khan Karl Rumbold Yannick B. Nuapia |
| author_sort | Anita Etale |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Acid mine drainage (AMD) leads to contamination of surface and ground water by high levels of toxic metals including chromium. In many cases, these waters are sources of drinking water for communities, and treatment is therefore required before consumption to prevent negative health effects. Methods: Cationised hemp cellulose was prepared by etherification with two quaternary ammonium salts: 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC) and glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) and examined for (i) the efficiency of Cr(VI) removal under acid mine-drainage (AMD) conditions, and (ii) antibacterial activity. Adsorbents were characterised by electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), CP-MAS 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, elemental composition and surface charge. Results: FTIR and solid state 13C NMR confirmed the introduction of quaternary ammonium moieties on cellulose. 13C NMR also showed that cationisation decreased the degree of crystallisation and lateral dimensions of cellulose fibrils. Nevertheless, 47 % - 72 % of Cr(VI) ions were removed from solutions at pH 4, by 0.1 g of CHPTAC and GTMAC-cationised cellulose, respectively. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order model and isotherms were best described by the Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. When GTMAC-modified cellulose was applied to AMD contaminated water (pH 2.7); however, Cr(VI) removal decreased to 22% likely due to competition from Al and Fe ions. Cationised materials displayed considerable antibacterial effects, reducing the viability of Escherichia coli by up to 45 % after just 3 hours of exposure. Conclusions: Together, these results suggest that cationised cellulose can be applied in the treatment of Cr(VI)-contaminated mine water particularly if pre-treatments to reduce Fe and Al concentrations are applied. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T08:57:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aabee7b9c1da46d786a8004f79e0f742 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2515-9321 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T08:57:02Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | F1000 Research Ltd |
| record_format | Article |
| series | AAS Open Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-aabee7b9c1da46d786a8004f79e0f7422023-09-02T15:54:07ZengF1000 Research LtdAAS Open Research2515-93212021-01-01410.12688/aasopenres.13182.114289Synthesis and application of cationised cellulose for removal of Cr(VI) from acid mine-drainage contaminated water [version 1; peer review: 4 approved]Anita Etale0Dineo S. Nhlane1Alseno K. Mosai2Jessica Mhlongo3Aaliyah Khan4Karl Rumbold5Yannick B. Nuapia6Global Change Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2000, South AfricaMolecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2000, South AfricaMolecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2000, South AfricaMolecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2000, South AfricaSchool of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2000, South AfricaSchool of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2000, South AfricaMolecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2000, South AfricaBackground: Acid mine drainage (AMD) leads to contamination of surface and ground water by high levels of toxic metals including chromium. In many cases, these waters are sources of drinking water for communities, and treatment is therefore required before consumption to prevent negative health effects. Methods: Cationised hemp cellulose was prepared by etherification with two quaternary ammonium salts: 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC) and glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) and examined for (i) the efficiency of Cr(VI) removal under acid mine-drainage (AMD) conditions, and (ii) antibacterial activity. Adsorbents were characterised by electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), CP-MAS 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, elemental composition and surface charge. Results: FTIR and solid state 13C NMR confirmed the introduction of quaternary ammonium moieties on cellulose. 13C NMR also showed that cationisation decreased the degree of crystallisation and lateral dimensions of cellulose fibrils. Nevertheless, 47 % - 72 % of Cr(VI) ions were removed from solutions at pH 4, by 0.1 g of CHPTAC and GTMAC-cationised cellulose, respectively. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order model and isotherms were best described by the Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. When GTMAC-modified cellulose was applied to AMD contaminated water (pH 2.7); however, Cr(VI) removal decreased to 22% likely due to competition from Al and Fe ions. Cationised materials displayed considerable antibacterial effects, reducing the viability of Escherichia coli by up to 45 % after just 3 hours of exposure. Conclusions: Together, these results suggest that cationised cellulose can be applied in the treatment of Cr(VI)-contaminated mine water particularly if pre-treatments to reduce Fe and Al concentrations are applied.https://aasopenresearch.org/articles/4-4/v1 |
| spellingShingle | Anita Etale Dineo S. Nhlane Alseno K. Mosai Jessica Mhlongo Aaliyah Khan Karl Rumbold Yannick B. Nuapia Synthesis and application of cationised cellulose for removal of Cr(VI) from acid mine-drainage contaminated water [version 1; peer review: 4 approved] AAS Open Research |
| title | Synthesis and application of cationised cellulose for removal of Cr(VI) from acid mine-drainage contaminated water [version 1; peer review: 4 approved] |
| title_full | Synthesis and application of cationised cellulose for removal of Cr(VI) from acid mine-drainage contaminated water [version 1; peer review: 4 approved] |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis and application of cationised cellulose for removal of Cr(VI) from acid mine-drainage contaminated water [version 1; peer review: 4 approved] |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis and application of cationised cellulose for removal of Cr(VI) from acid mine-drainage contaminated water [version 1; peer review: 4 approved] |
| title_short | Synthesis and application of cationised cellulose for removal of Cr(VI) from acid mine-drainage contaminated water [version 1; peer review: 4 approved] |
| title_sort | synthesis and application of cationised cellulose for removal of cr vi from acid mine drainage contaminated water version 1 peer review 4 approved |
| url | https://aasopenresearch.org/articles/4-4/v1 |
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