Aedes larval bionomics and implications for dengue control in the paradigmatic Jaffna peninsula, northern Sri Lanka
Abstract Background The larval bionomics of Aedes across the Jaffna peninsula in northern Sri Lanka was investigated to obtain information needed for developing more effective larval source reduction measures to control endemic arboviral diseases. Methods The habitats of preimaginal stages of Aedes...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04640-6 |
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| author | Sinnathamby N. Surendran Tibutius T. P. Jayadas Vaikunthavasan Thiruchenthooran Selvarajah Raveendran Annathurai Tharsan Sharanga Santhirasegaram Kokila Sivabalakrishnan Suthakar Karunakaran Bharathy Ponnaiah Laksiri Gomes Gathsaurie N. Malavige Ranjan Ramasamy |
| author_facet | Sinnathamby N. Surendran Tibutius T. P. Jayadas Vaikunthavasan Thiruchenthooran Selvarajah Raveendran Annathurai Tharsan Sharanga Santhirasegaram Kokila Sivabalakrishnan Suthakar Karunakaran Bharathy Ponnaiah Laksiri Gomes Gathsaurie N. Malavige Ranjan Ramasamy |
| author_sort | Sinnathamby N. Surendran |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The larval bionomics of Aedes across the Jaffna peninsula in northern Sri Lanka was investigated to obtain information needed for developing more effective larval source reduction measures to control endemic arboviral diseases. Methods The habitats of preimaginal stages of Aedes mosquitoes were surveyed, and ovitrap collections were carried out in densely populated areas of the Jaffna peninsula. Aedes larval productivities were analysed against habitat characteristics, rainfall and dengue incidence. Adults emerging from collected larvae were tested for dengue virus (DENV). Results Only Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus and Ae. vittatus were identified in the field habitat collections and ovitraps. Aedes aegypti was the predominant species in both the field habitat and ovitrap collections, followed by Ae. albopictus and small numbers of Ae. vittatus. Tires and open drains were the preferred field habitats for Ae. aegypti, although larval productivity was higher in discarded plastic containers. The three Aedes species differed in field habitat preferences. Concomitant presence of the three Aedes species was observed in the field habitats and ovitraps. Larval productivities were inversely correlated with the salinity of the field habitat. Rainfall in the preceding month significantly correlated with larval productivity in the field habitats. DENV serotype 2 was detected in Ae. aegypti collected from ovitraps in the city of Jaffna. High Breteau, House and Container indices of 5.1, 5.1 and 7.9%, respectively, were observed in the field habitat surveys and ovitrap indices of up to 92% were found in Jaffna city. Conclusions Aedes larval indices in populated areas of the peninsula showed a high potential for dengue epidemics. Unacceptable littering practices, failure to implement existing dengue control guidelines, vertical transmission of DENV in vector mosquitoes and preimaginal development in brackish water and open surface drains, as well as in domestic wells that provide potable water, are serious constraints to the current Aedes larval source reduction methods used to control dengue in the Jaffna peninsula. Similar shortcomings in arboviral disease control are likely present in other resource-constrained tropical coastal zones worldwide. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T15:17:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aac2fab86f724c7fa0da7462dd58b1ef |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-3305 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T15:17:26Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | Parasites & Vectors |
| spelling | doaj.art-aac2fab86f724c7fa0da7462dd58b1ef2022-12-21T22:26:45ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052021-03-0114111310.1186/s13071-021-04640-6Aedes larval bionomics and implications for dengue control in the paradigmatic Jaffna peninsula, northern Sri LankaSinnathamby N. Surendran0Tibutius T. P. Jayadas1Vaikunthavasan Thiruchenthooran2Selvarajah Raveendran3Annathurai Tharsan4Sharanga Santhirasegaram5Kokila Sivabalakrishnan6Suthakar Karunakaran7Bharathy Ponnaiah8Laksiri Gomes9Gathsaurie N. Malavige10Ranjan Ramasamy11Department of Zoology, University of JaffnaDepartment of Zoology, University of JaffnaDepartment of Zoology, University of JaffnaDepartment of Geography, University of JaffnaDepartment of Zoology, University of JaffnaDepartment of Zoology, University of JaffnaDepartment of Zoology, University of JaffnaDepartment of Geography, University of JaffnaDepartment of Geography, University of JaffnaCentre for Dengue Research, University of Sri JayewardenepuraCentre for Dengue Research, University of Sri JayewardenepuraDepartment of Zoology, University of JaffnaAbstract Background The larval bionomics of Aedes across the Jaffna peninsula in northern Sri Lanka was investigated to obtain information needed for developing more effective larval source reduction measures to control endemic arboviral diseases. Methods The habitats of preimaginal stages of Aedes mosquitoes were surveyed, and ovitrap collections were carried out in densely populated areas of the Jaffna peninsula. Aedes larval productivities were analysed against habitat characteristics, rainfall and dengue incidence. Adults emerging from collected larvae were tested for dengue virus (DENV). Results Only Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus and Ae. vittatus were identified in the field habitat collections and ovitraps. Aedes aegypti was the predominant species in both the field habitat and ovitrap collections, followed by Ae. albopictus and small numbers of Ae. vittatus. Tires and open drains were the preferred field habitats for Ae. aegypti, although larval productivity was higher in discarded plastic containers. The three Aedes species differed in field habitat preferences. Concomitant presence of the three Aedes species was observed in the field habitats and ovitraps. Larval productivities were inversely correlated with the salinity of the field habitat. Rainfall in the preceding month significantly correlated with larval productivity in the field habitats. DENV serotype 2 was detected in Ae. aegypti collected from ovitraps in the city of Jaffna. High Breteau, House and Container indices of 5.1, 5.1 and 7.9%, respectively, were observed in the field habitat surveys and ovitrap indices of up to 92% were found in Jaffna city. Conclusions Aedes larval indices in populated areas of the peninsula showed a high potential for dengue epidemics. Unacceptable littering practices, failure to implement existing dengue control guidelines, vertical transmission of DENV in vector mosquitoes and preimaginal development in brackish water and open surface drains, as well as in domestic wells that provide potable water, are serious constraints to the current Aedes larval source reduction methods used to control dengue in the Jaffna peninsula. Similar shortcomings in arboviral disease control are likely present in other resource-constrained tropical coastal zones worldwide.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04640-6Aedes larval ecologyAedes larval indicesAnthropogenic environmental factors and dengueArboviral diseasesJaffna peninsulaSalinity-tolerant Aedes vectors |
| spellingShingle | Sinnathamby N. Surendran Tibutius T. P. Jayadas Vaikunthavasan Thiruchenthooran Selvarajah Raveendran Annathurai Tharsan Sharanga Santhirasegaram Kokila Sivabalakrishnan Suthakar Karunakaran Bharathy Ponnaiah Laksiri Gomes Gathsaurie N. Malavige Ranjan Ramasamy Aedes larval bionomics and implications for dengue control in the paradigmatic Jaffna peninsula, northern Sri Lanka Parasites & Vectors Aedes larval ecology Aedes larval indices Anthropogenic environmental factors and dengue Arboviral diseases Jaffna peninsula Salinity-tolerant Aedes vectors |
| title | Aedes larval bionomics and implications for dengue control in the paradigmatic Jaffna peninsula, northern Sri Lanka |
| title_full | Aedes larval bionomics and implications for dengue control in the paradigmatic Jaffna peninsula, northern Sri Lanka |
| title_fullStr | Aedes larval bionomics and implications for dengue control in the paradigmatic Jaffna peninsula, northern Sri Lanka |
| title_full_unstemmed | Aedes larval bionomics and implications for dengue control in the paradigmatic Jaffna peninsula, northern Sri Lanka |
| title_short | Aedes larval bionomics and implications for dengue control in the paradigmatic Jaffna peninsula, northern Sri Lanka |
| title_sort | aedes larval bionomics and implications for dengue control in the paradigmatic jaffna peninsula northern sri lanka |
| topic | Aedes larval ecology Aedes larval indices Anthropogenic environmental factors and dengue Arboviral diseases Jaffna peninsula Salinity-tolerant Aedes vectors |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04640-6 |
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