Chemical Composition, Phytotoxic, Antimicrobial and Insecticidal Activity of the Essential Oils of <em>Dracocephalum integrifolium</em>
The present investigation studied the chemical composition of the essential oils extracted from <i>Dracocephalum integrifolium</i> Bunge growing in three different localities in northwest China and evaluated the phytotoxic, antimicrobial and insecticidal activities of the essential oils...
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MDPI AG
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/10/598 |
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| author | Shixing Zhou Caixia Wei Chi Zhang Caixia Han Nigora Kuchkarova Hua Shao |
| author_facet | Shixing Zhou Caixia Wei Chi Zhang Caixia Han Nigora Kuchkarova Hua Shao |
| author_sort | Shixing Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present investigation studied the chemical composition of the essential oils extracted from <i>Dracocephalum integrifolium</i> Bunge growing in three different localities in northwest China and evaluated the phytotoxic, antimicrobial and insecticidal activities of the essential oils as well as their major constituents, i.e., sabinene and eucalyptol. GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of 21–24 compounds in the essential oils, representing 94.17–97.71% of the entire oils. Monoterpenes were the most abundant substances, accounting for 85.30–93.61% of the oils; among them, sabinene (7.35–14.0%) and eucalyptol (53.56–76.11%) were dominant in all three oils, which occupied 67.56–83.46% of the total oils. In general, phytotoxic bioassays indicated that the IC<sub>50</sub> values of the oils and their major constituents were below 2 μL/mL (1.739–1.886 mg/mL) against <i>Amaranthus retroflexus</i> and <i>Poa annua</i>. Disc diffusion method demonstrated that the oils and their major constituents possessed antimicrobial activity against <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, and <i>Candida albicans</i>, with MIC values ranging from 5–40 μL/mL (4.347–37.712 mg/mL). The oils, sabinene and eucalyptol also exhibited significant pesticidal activity, with the mortality rates of <i>Aphis pomi</i> reaching 100% after exposing to 10 μL oil/petri dish (8.694–9.428 mg/petri dish) for 24 h. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the chemical composition, phytotoxic, antimicrobial and insecticidal activity of the essential oils extracted from <i>D. integrifolium</i>; it is noteworthy to mention that this is also the first report on the phytotoxicity of one of the major constituents, sabinene. Our results imply that <i>D. integrifolium</i> oils and sabinene have the potential value of being further exploited as natural pesticides. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:02:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aac4caf761d547c28ab9d60b54117625 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:02:25Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-aac4caf761d547c28ab9d60b541176252022-12-22T02:57:05ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512019-10-01111059810.3390/toxins11100598toxins11100598Chemical Composition, Phytotoxic, Antimicrobial and Insecticidal Activity of the Essential Oils of <em>Dracocephalum integrifolium</em>Shixing Zhou0Caixia Wei1Chi Zhang2Caixia Han3Nigora Kuchkarova4Hua Shao5CAS Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Urumqi 830011, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Urumqi 830011, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Urumqi 830011, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Urumqi 830011, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Urumqi 830011, ChinaThe present investigation studied the chemical composition of the essential oils extracted from <i>Dracocephalum integrifolium</i> Bunge growing in three different localities in northwest China and evaluated the phytotoxic, antimicrobial and insecticidal activities of the essential oils as well as their major constituents, i.e., sabinene and eucalyptol. GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of 21–24 compounds in the essential oils, representing 94.17–97.71% of the entire oils. Monoterpenes were the most abundant substances, accounting for 85.30–93.61% of the oils; among them, sabinene (7.35–14.0%) and eucalyptol (53.56–76.11%) were dominant in all three oils, which occupied 67.56–83.46% of the total oils. In general, phytotoxic bioassays indicated that the IC<sub>50</sub> values of the oils and their major constituents were below 2 μL/mL (1.739–1.886 mg/mL) against <i>Amaranthus retroflexus</i> and <i>Poa annua</i>. Disc diffusion method demonstrated that the oils and their major constituents possessed antimicrobial activity against <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, and <i>Candida albicans</i>, with MIC values ranging from 5–40 μL/mL (4.347–37.712 mg/mL). The oils, sabinene and eucalyptol also exhibited significant pesticidal activity, with the mortality rates of <i>Aphis pomi</i> reaching 100% after exposing to 10 μL oil/petri dish (8.694–9.428 mg/petri dish) for 24 h. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the chemical composition, phytotoxic, antimicrobial and insecticidal activity of the essential oils extracted from <i>D. integrifolium</i>; it is noteworthy to mention that this is also the first report on the phytotoxicity of one of the major constituents, sabinene. Our results imply that <i>D. integrifolium</i> oils and sabinene have the potential value of being further exploited as natural pesticides.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/10/598<i>dracocephalum integrifolium</i> bungeessential oilsabinenephytotoxic activityantimicrobial activityinsecticidal activity |
| spellingShingle | Shixing Zhou Caixia Wei Chi Zhang Caixia Han Nigora Kuchkarova Hua Shao Chemical Composition, Phytotoxic, Antimicrobial and Insecticidal Activity of the Essential Oils of <em>Dracocephalum integrifolium</em> Toxins <i>dracocephalum integrifolium</i> bunge essential oil sabinene phytotoxic activity antimicrobial activity insecticidal activity |
| title | Chemical Composition, Phytotoxic, Antimicrobial and Insecticidal Activity of the Essential Oils of <em>Dracocephalum integrifolium</em> |
| title_full | Chemical Composition, Phytotoxic, Antimicrobial and Insecticidal Activity of the Essential Oils of <em>Dracocephalum integrifolium</em> |
| title_fullStr | Chemical Composition, Phytotoxic, Antimicrobial and Insecticidal Activity of the Essential Oils of <em>Dracocephalum integrifolium</em> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemical Composition, Phytotoxic, Antimicrobial and Insecticidal Activity of the Essential Oils of <em>Dracocephalum integrifolium</em> |
| title_short | Chemical Composition, Phytotoxic, Antimicrobial and Insecticidal Activity of the Essential Oils of <em>Dracocephalum integrifolium</em> |
| title_sort | chemical composition phytotoxic antimicrobial and insecticidal activity of the essential oils of em dracocephalum integrifolium em |
| topic | <i>dracocephalum integrifolium</i> bunge essential oil sabinene phytotoxic activity antimicrobial activity insecticidal activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/10/598 |
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