Toxicity Evaluation of Graphene Oxide and Titania Loaded Nafion Membranes in Zebrafish
The use of nanomaterials in several application fields has received in the last decades a great attention due to their peculiar properties, but also raised many doubts about possible toxicity when these materials are used for some specific applications, such as water purification. Indeed a careful i...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2017.01039/full |
| _version_ | 1819091143199031296 |
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| author | Roberta Pecoraro Daniele D'Angelo Simona Filice Silvia Scalese Fabiano Capparucci Fabio Marino Carmelo Iaria Giulia Guerriero Daniele Tibullo Elena M. Scalisi Antonio Salvaggio Isabella Nicotera Maria V. Brundo |
| author_facet | Roberta Pecoraro Daniele D'Angelo Simona Filice Silvia Scalese Fabiano Capparucci Fabio Marino Carmelo Iaria Giulia Guerriero Daniele Tibullo Elena M. Scalisi Antonio Salvaggio Isabella Nicotera Maria V. Brundo |
| author_sort | Roberta Pecoraro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The use of nanomaterials in several application fields has received in the last decades a great attention due to their peculiar properties, but also raised many doubts about possible toxicity when these materials are used for some specific applications, such as water purification. Indeed a careful investigation is needed in order to exclude possible harmful side effects related to the use of nanotechnology. Nanoparticles effects on the marine organisms may depend on their chemical composition, size, surface structure, solubility, shape and how the individual nanoparticles aggregate together. In order to make the most of their potential, without polluting the environment, many researchers are trying to trap them into some kind of matrix that keeps them active but avoids their dispersion in the environment. In this study we have tested nanocomposite membranes prepared using Nafion polymer combined with various fillers, such as anatase-type TiO2 nanoparticles and graphene oxide. The non-toxicity of these nanocomposites, already shown to be effective for water purification applications in our previous studies, was recognized by testing the effect of the different materials on zebrafish embryos. Zebrafish was considered an excellent model for ecotoxicological studies and for this motivation zebrafish embryos were exposed to different concentrations of free nanoparticles and to the nanocomposite membranes. As biomarkers of exposure, we evaluated the expression of heme-oxygenase 1 and inducible Nitric Oxide Synthases by immunohistochemistry and gene expression. Embryo toxicity test showed that nor sublethal effects neither mortality were caused by the different nanoparticles and nano-systems tested. Only zebrafish larvae exposed to free nanoparticles have shown a different response to antibodies anti-heme-oxygenase 1 and anti- inducible Nitric Oxide Synthases. The immunolocalization analysis in fact has highlighted an increase in the synthesis of these biomarkers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T22:35:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aac97046c8ab4086bdb6bf5bc8c9fe96 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T22:35:02Z |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-aac97046c8ab4086bdb6bf5bc8c9fe962022-12-21T18:48:00ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2018-01-01810.3389/fphys.2017.01039320750Toxicity Evaluation of Graphene Oxide and Titania Loaded Nafion Membranes in ZebrafishRoberta Pecoraro0Daniele D'Angelo1Simona Filice2Silvia Scalese3Fabiano Capparucci4Fabio Marino5Carmelo Iaria6Giulia Guerriero7Daniele Tibullo8Elena M. Scalisi9Antonio Salvaggio10Isabella Nicotera11Maria V. Brundo12Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Catania, ItalyCNR-IMM, Catania, ItalyCNR-IMM, Catania, ItalyCNR-IMM, Catania, ItalyDepartment of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, ItalyDepartment of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, ItalyDepartment of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, ItalyDepartment of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Biotecnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Catania, ItalyExperimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily, Catania, ItalyDipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Rende, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Catania, ItalyThe use of nanomaterials in several application fields has received in the last decades a great attention due to their peculiar properties, but also raised many doubts about possible toxicity when these materials are used for some specific applications, such as water purification. Indeed a careful investigation is needed in order to exclude possible harmful side effects related to the use of nanotechnology. Nanoparticles effects on the marine organisms may depend on their chemical composition, size, surface structure, solubility, shape and how the individual nanoparticles aggregate together. In order to make the most of their potential, without polluting the environment, many researchers are trying to trap them into some kind of matrix that keeps them active but avoids their dispersion in the environment. In this study we have tested nanocomposite membranes prepared using Nafion polymer combined with various fillers, such as anatase-type TiO2 nanoparticles and graphene oxide. The non-toxicity of these nanocomposites, already shown to be effective for water purification applications in our previous studies, was recognized by testing the effect of the different materials on zebrafish embryos. Zebrafish was considered an excellent model for ecotoxicological studies and for this motivation zebrafish embryos were exposed to different concentrations of free nanoparticles and to the nanocomposite membranes. As biomarkers of exposure, we evaluated the expression of heme-oxygenase 1 and inducible Nitric Oxide Synthases by immunohistochemistry and gene expression. Embryo toxicity test showed that nor sublethal effects neither mortality were caused by the different nanoparticles and nano-systems tested. Only zebrafish larvae exposed to free nanoparticles have shown a different response to antibodies anti-heme-oxygenase 1 and anti- inducible Nitric Oxide Synthases. The immunolocalization analysis in fact has highlighted an increase in the synthesis of these biomarkers.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2017.01039/fullDanio rerioheme-oxygenase 1inducible nitric oxide synthasesnano-compositestitanium dioxide |
| spellingShingle | Roberta Pecoraro Daniele D'Angelo Simona Filice Silvia Scalese Fabiano Capparucci Fabio Marino Carmelo Iaria Giulia Guerriero Daniele Tibullo Elena M. Scalisi Antonio Salvaggio Isabella Nicotera Maria V. Brundo Toxicity Evaluation of Graphene Oxide and Titania Loaded Nafion Membranes in Zebrafish Frontiers in Physiology Danio rerio heme-oxygenase 1 inducible nitric oxide synthases nano-composites titanium dioxide |
| title | Toxicity Evaluation of Graphene Oxide and Titania Loaded Nafion Membranes in Zebrafish |
| title_full | Toxicity Evaluation of Graphene Oxide and Titania Loaded Nafion Membranes in Zebrafish |
| title_fullStr | Toxicity Evaluation of Graphene Oxide and Titania Loaded Nafion Membranes in Zebrafish |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toxicity Evaluation of Graphene Oxide and Titania Loaded Nafion Membranes in Zebrafish |
| title_short | Toxicity Evaluation of Graphene Oxide and Titania Loaded Nafion Membranes in Zebrafish |
| title_sort | toxicity evaluation of graphene oxide and titania loaded nafion membranes in zebrafish |
| topic | Danio rerio heme-oxygenase 1 inducible nitric oxide synthases nano-composites titanium dioxide |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2017.01039/full |
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