Assessment of Bioactive Surfactant Levels in Selected Cereal Products
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are bioactive surfactants that are widespread in the environment and living organisms. This study presents measurements of PFAS in selected food of plant origin that are part of the healthy eating pyramid, including bread, rolls, flour, bran, buckwheat, mi...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/10/5242 |
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| author | Magdalena Surma Katarzyna Sznajder-Katarzyńska Wiesław Wiczkowski Henryk Zieliński |
| author_facet | Magdalena Surma Katarzyna Sznajder-Katarzyńska Wiesław Wiczkowski Henryk Zieliński |
| author_sort | Magdalena Surma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are bioactive surfactants that are widespread in the environment and living organisms. This study presents measurements of PFAS in selected food of plant origin that are part of the healthy eating pyramid, including bread, rolls, flour, bran, buckwheat, millet, rice, and noodles. A simple and reliable analytical method was developed for the simultaneous determination of seven perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and three perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs) in cereal-based products. Out of the 10 PFASs, 5 PFASs were detected at levels above LOQ. The most frequently detected compound was perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), which was quantified in 65.2% of samples, while none of the others were present in more than 40.0% of tested products. Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) was the predominant PFAS in cereal-based products, and its maximum measured concentration was 202.85 ng/g for wheat bran. The soil–root–shoot interactions in relation to PFAS transfer to the above-ground parts of plants and PFAS’s ability to interfere with proteins are most likely the sources of these compounds in commonly consumed cereal products. As PFBA contributes greatly to total PFAS concentration, this food group should be included in future dietary exposure assessments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:22:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aacc5dc237044cb1adfa7a608956c5b1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:22:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-aacc5dc237044cb1adfa7a608956c5b12023-11-23T09:59:46ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-05-011210524210.3390/app12105242Assessment of Bioactive Surfactant Levels in Selected Cereal ProductsMagdalena Surma0Katarzyna Sznajder-Katarzyńska1Wiesław Wiczkowski2Henryk Zieliński3Department of Plant Products Technology and Nutrition Hygiene, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka St. 122, 30-149 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Plant Products Technology and Nutrition Hygiene, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka St. 122, 30-149 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima St.10, 10-748 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima St.10, 10-748 Olsztyn, PolandPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are bioactive surfactants that are widespread in the environment and living organisms. This study presents measurements of PFAS in selected food of plant origin that are part of the healthy eating pyramid, including bread, rolls, flour, bran, buckwheat, millet, rice, and noodles. A simple and reliable analytical method was developed for the simultaneous determination of seven perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and three perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs) in cereal-based products. Out of the 10 PFASs, 5 PFASs were detected at levels above LOQ. The most frequently detected compound was perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), which was quantified in 65.2% of samples, while none of the others were present in more than 40.0% of tested products. Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) was the predominant PFAS in cereal-based products, and its maximum measured concentration was 202.85 ng/g for wheat bran. The soil–root–shoot interactions in relation to PFAS transfer to the above-ground parts of plants and PFAS’s ability to interfere with proteins are most likely the sources of these compounds in commonly consumed cereal products. As PFBA contributes greatly to total PFAS concentration, this food group should be included in future dietary exposure assessments.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/10/5242perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs)micro-HPLC-MS/MSQuEChERScropscereal productshealth risk |
| spellingShingle | Magdalena Surma Katarzyna Sznajder-Katarzyńska Wiesław Wiczkowski Henryk Zieliński Assessment of Bioactive Surfactant Levels in Selected Cereal Products Applied Sciences perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) micro-HPLC-MS/MS QuEChERS crops cereal products health risk |
| title | Assessment of Bioactive Surfactant Levels in Selected Cereal Products |
| title_full | Assessment of Bioactive Surfactant Levels in Selected Cereal Products |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of Bioactive Surfactant Levels in Selected Cereal Products |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Bioactive Surfactant Levels in Selected Cereal Products |
| title_short | Assessment of Bioactive Surfactant Levels in Selected Cereal Products |
| title_sort | assessment of bioactive surfactant levels in selected cereal products |
| topic | perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) micro-HPLC-MS/MS QuEChERS crops cereal products health risk |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/10/5242 |
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