Anthropogenic Drivers of Ecosystem Change: an Overview
This paper provides an overview of what the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) calls "indirect and direct drivers" of change in ecosystem services at a global level. The MA definition of a driver is any natural or human-induced factor that directly or indirectly causes a change in an eco...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Resilience Alliance
2006-12-01
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| Series: | Ecology and Society |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol11/iss2/art29/ |
| _version_ | 1818738980408000512 |
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| author | Gerald C. Nelson Elena Bennett Asmeret A. Berhe Kenneth Cassman Ruth DeFries Thomas Dietz Achim Dobermann Andrew Dobson Anthony Janetos Marc Levy Diana Marco Nebojsa Nakicenovic Brian O'Neill Richard Norgaard Gerhard Petschel-Held Dennis Ojima Prabhu Pingali Robert Watson Monika Zurek |
| author_facet | Gerald C. Nelson Elena Bennett Asmeret A. Berhe Kenneth Cassman Ruth DeFries Thomas Dietz Achim Dobermann Andrew Dobson Anthony Janetos Marc Levy Diana Marco Nebojsa Nakicenovic Brian O'Neill Richard Norgaard Gerhard Petschel-Held Dennis Ojima Prabhu Pingali Robert Watson Monika Zurek |
| author_sort | Gerald C. Nelson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper provides an overview of what the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) calls "indirect and direct drivers" of change in ecosystem services at a global level. The MA definition of a driver is any natural or human-induced factor that directly or indirectly causes a change in an ecosystem. A direct driver unequivocally influences ecosystem processes. An indirect driver operates more diffusely by altering one or more direct drivers. Global driving forces are categorized as demographic, economic, sociopolitical, cultural and religious, scientific and technological, and physical and biological. Drivers in all categories other than physical and biological are considered indirect. Important direct drivers include changes in climate, plant nutrient use, land conversion, and diseases and invasive species. This paper does not discuss natural drivers such as climate variability, extreme weather events, or volcanic eruptions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T01:17:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aad2354d29db42d1af0131065a4c0a00 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1708-3087 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T01:17:33Z |
| publishDate | 2006-12-01 |
| publisher | Resilience Alliance |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecology and Society |
| spelling | doaj.art-aad2354d29db42d1af0131065a4c0a002022-12-21T21:25:55ZengResilience AllianceEcology and Society1708-30872006-12-011122910.5751/ES-01826-1102291826Anthropogenic Drivers of Ecosystem Change: an OverviewGerald C. Nelson0Elena Bennett1Asmeret A. Berhe2Kenneth Cassman3Ruth DeFries4Thomas Dietz5Achim Dobermann6Andrew Dobson7Anthony Janetos8Marc Levy9Diana Marco10Nebojsa Nakicenovic11Brian O'Neill12Richard Norgaard13Gerhard Petschel-HeldDennis Ojima14Prabhu Pingali15Robert Watson16Monika Zurek17University of IllinoisMcGill UniversityUniversity of California at BerkeleyUniversity of NebraskaUniversity of MarylandMichigan State UniversityUniversity of NebraskaPrinceton UniversityJoint Global Change Research InstituteColumbia UniversityInstituto Tecnológico de Chascomus (IIB-INTECH) CONICETVienna University of TechnologyInternational Institute for Applied Systems AnalysisUniversity of California at BerkeleyColorado State UniversityFAOWorld BankFAOThis paper provides an overview of what the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) calls "indirect and direct drivers" of change in ecosystem services at a global level. The MA definition of a driver is any natural or human-induced factor that directly or indirectly causes a change in an ecosystem. A direct driver unequivocally influences ecosystem processes. An indirect driver operates more diffusely by altering one or more direct drivers. Global driving forces are categorized as demographic, economic, sociopolitical, cultural and religious, scientific and technological, and physical and biological. Drivers in all categories other than physical and biological are considered indirect. Important direct drivers include changes in climate, plant nutrient use, land conversion, and diseases and invasive species. This paper does not discuss natural drivers such as climate variability, extreme weather events, or volcanic eruptions.http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol11/iss2/art29/ecosystem servicesdrivers of changedirect driversindirect driversdemographic driverseconomic driverssociopolitical driverscultural and religious driversscientific and technological driversphysical and biological driversclimate changeplant nutrient useland conversiondiseasesinvasive species |
| spellingShingle | Gerald C. Nelson Elena Bennett Asmeret A. Berhe Kenneth Cassman Ruth DeFries Thomas Dietz Achim Dobermann Andrew Dobson Anthony Janetos Marc Levy Diana Marco Nebojsa Nakicenovic Brian O'Neill Richard Norgaard Gerhard Petschel-Held Dennis Ojima Prabhu Pingali Robert Watson Monika Zurek Anthropogenic Drivers of Ecosystem Change: an Overview Ecology and Society ecosystem services drivers of change direct drivers indirect drivers demographic drivers economic drivers sociopolitical drivers cultural and religious drivers scientific and technological drivers physical and biological drivers climate change plant nutrient use land conversion diseases invasive species |
| title | Anthropogenic Drivers of Ecosystem Change: an Overview |
| title_full | Anthropogenic Drivers of Ecosystem Change: an Overview |
| title_fullStr | Anthropogenic Drivers of Ecosystem Change: an Overview |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anthropogenic Drivers of Ecosystem Change: an Overview |
| title_short | Anthropogenic Drivers of Ecosystem Change: an Overview |
| title_sort | anthropogenic drivers of ecosystem change an overview |
| topic | ecosystem services drivers of change direct drivers indirect drivers demographic drivers economic drivers sociopolitical drivers cultural and religious drivers scientific and technological drivers physical and biological drivers climate change plant nutrient use land conversion diseases invasive species |
| url | http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol11/iss2/art29/ |
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