Climate Change Impact on Surface Water and Groundwater Recharge in Northern Thailand
Climate change is progressing and is now one of the most important global challenges for humanities. Water resources management is one of the key challenges to reduce disaster risk. In Northern Thailand, flood and drought have always occurred because of the climate change impact and non-systematic m...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/4/1029 |
| _version_ | 1797571478753902592 |
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| author | Chanchai Petpongpan Chaiwat Ekkawatpanit Duangrudee Kositgittiwong |
| author_facet | Chanchai Petpongpan Chaiwat Ekkawatpanit Duangrudee Kositgittiwong |
| author_sort | Chanchai Petpongpan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Climate change is progressing and is now one of the most important global challenges for humanities. Water resources management is one of the key challenges to reduce disaster risk. In Northern Thailand, flood and drought have always occurred because of the climate change impact and non-systematic management in the conjunctive use of both sources of water. Therefore, this study aims to assess the climate change impact on surface water and groundwater of the Yom and Nan river basins, located in the upper part of Thailand. The surface water and groundwater regimes are generated by a fully coupled SWAT-MODFLOW model. The future climate scenarios are considered from the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 2.6 and 8.5, presented by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), in order to mainly focus on the minimum and maximum Green House Gas (GHG) emissions scenarios during the near future (2021–2045) periods. The results show that the average annual air temperature rises by approximately 0.5–0.6 °C and 0.9–1.0 °C under the minimum (RCP 2.6) and maximum (RCP 8.5) GHG emission scenarios, respectively. The annual rainfall, obtained from both scenarios, increased by the same range of 20–200 mm/year, on average. The summation of surface water (water yield) and groundwater recharge (water percolation) in the Yom river basin decreased by 443.98 and 316.77 million m<sup>3</sup>/year under the RCPs 2.6 and 8.5, respectively. While, in the Nan river basin, it is projected to increase by 355 million m<sup>3</sup>/year under RCP 2.6 but decrease by 20.79 million m<sup>3</sup>/year under RCP 8.5. These quantitative changes can directly impact water availability when evaluating the water demand for consumption, industry, and agriculture. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:41:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aad55645e10f437ea4adced05b1cfeab |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:41:14Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-aad55645e10f437ea4adced05b1cfeab2023-11-19T20:41:43ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412020-04-01124102910.3390/w12041029Climate Change Impact on Surface Water and Groundwater Recharge in Northern ThailandChanchai Petpongpan0Chaiwat Ekkawatpanit1Duangrudee Kositgittiwong2Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Prachautit Rd. Bangkok 10140, ThailandDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Prachautit Rd. Bangkok 10140, ThailandDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Prachautit Rd. Bangkok 10140, ThailandClimate change is progressing and is now one of the most important global challenges for humanities. Water resources management is one of the key challenges to reduce disaster risk. In Northern Thailand, flood and drought have always occurred because of the climate change impact and non-systematic management in the conjunctive use of both sources of water. Therefore, this study aims to assess the climate change impact on surface water and groundwater of the Yom and Nan river basins, located in the upper part of Thailand. The surface water and groundwater regimes are generated by a fully coupled SWAT-MODFLOW model. The future climate scenarios are considered from the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 2.6 and 8.5, presented by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), in order to mainly focus on the minimum and maximum Green House Gas (GHG) emissions scenarios during the near future (2021–2045) periods. The results show that the average annual air temperature rises by approximately 0.5–0.6 °C and 0.9–1.0 °C under the minimum (RCP 2.6) and maximum (RCP 8.5) GHG emission scenarios, respectively. The annual rainfall, obtained from both scenarios, increased by the same range of 20–200 mm/year, on average. The summation of surface water (water yield) and groundwater recharge (water percolation) in the Yom river basin decreased by 443.98 and 316.77 million m<sup>3</sup>/year under the RCPs 2.6 and 8.5, respectively. While, in the Nan river basin, it is projected to increase by 355 million m<sup>3</sup>/year under RCP 2.6 but decrease by 20.79 million m<sup>3</sup>/year under RCP 8.5. These quantitative changes can directly impact water availability when evaluating the water demand for consumption, industry, and agriculture.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/4/1029climate change impactsurface watergroundwater rechargeSWAT-MODFLOWCMIP5Thailand |
| spellingShingle | Chanchai Petpongpan Chaiwat Ekkawatpanit Duangrudee Kositgittiwong Climate Change Impact on Surface Water and Groundwater Recharge in Northern Thailand Water climate change impact surface water groundwater recharge SWAT-MODFLOW CMIP5 Thailand |
| title | Climate Change Impact on Surface Water and Groundwater Recharge in Northern Thailand |
| title_full | Climate Change Impact on Surface Water and Groundwater Recharge in Northern Thailand |
| title_fullStr | Climate Change Impact on Surface Water and Groundwater Recharge in Northern Thailand |
| title_full_unstemmed | Climate Change Impact on Surface Water and Groundwater Recharge in Northern Thailand |
| title_short | Climate Change Impact on Surface Water and Groundwater Recharge in Northern Thailand |
| title_sort | climate change impact on surface water and groundwater recharge in northern thailand |
| topic | climate change impact surface water groundwater recharge SWAT-MODFLOW CMIP5 Thailand |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/4/1029 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chanchaipetpongpan climatechangeimpactonsurfacewaterandgroundwaterrechargeinnorthernthailand AT chaiwatekkawatpanit climatechangeimpactonsurfacewaterandgroundwaterrechargeinnorthernthailand AT duangrudeekositgittiwong climatechangeimpactonsurfacewaterandgroundwaterrechargeinnorthernthailand |