Adolescents’ Perceived Changes in Internalizing Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Father Internalizing Symptoms and Parent Support in Germany and Slovakia
This preregistered study examined the relation between adolescents’ perceived changes in internalizing symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and four different family and peer relationships in two countries. Using a bioecological framework, we interviewed mothers, fathers, and adolescents from 212 f...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Youth |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-995X/3/4/76 |
| _version_ | 1797379031735205888 |
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| author | Ann T. Skinner Tamara Ondrušková Eva Klotz Leyla Çiftçi Sierra Jones Rick H. Hoyle |
| author_facet | Ann T. Skinner Tamara Ondrušková Eva Klotz Leyla Çiftçi Sierra Jones Rick H. Hoyle |
| author_sort | Ann T. Skinner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This preregistered study examined the relation between adolescents’ perceived changes in internalizing symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and four different family and peer relationships in two countries. Using a bioecological framework, we interviewed mothers, fathers, and adolescents from 212 families in Germany and Slovakia during the COVID-19 pandemic. In both countries, we found that higher levels of father internalizing symptoms exacerbated the relation between pandemic disruption and increases in pandemic-related adolescent internalizing symptoms. Similarly, parental support buffered the relation between adolescent perceptions of COVID-19 disruption and increases in the adolescents’ internalizing symptoms. Peer support and parental warmth were not associated with changes in adolescent-reported internalizing symptoms during the study period. The fathers’ symptoms of anxiety and depression during stressful life events may impact the parent–child relationship by changing the children’s perceptions of parent–child attachment, which may, in turn, be associated with higher levels of adolescent internalizing symptoms. Higher levels of parental support, however, may have helped protect adolescents from some of the more negative aspects of the pandemic. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:16:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aaddfe9067de42f5a337807834929aee |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-995X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:16:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Youth |
| spelling | doaj.art-aaddfe9067de42f5a337807834929aee2023-12-22T14:50:19ZengMDPI AGYouth2673-995X2023-10-01341194121110.3390/youth3040076Adolescents’ Perceived Changes in Internalizing Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Father Internalizing Symptoms and Parent Support in Germany and SlovakiaAnn T. Skinner0Tamara Ondrušková1Eva Klotz2Leyla Çiftçi3Sierra Jones4Rick H. Hoyle5Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USADivision of Psychiatry, University College London, 149 Tottenham Ct Rd, London W1T 7BN, UKFaculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The NetherlandsFaculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USADepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USAThis preregistered study examined the relation between adolescents’ perceived changes in internalizing symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and four different family and peer relationships in two countries. Using a bioecological framework, we interviewed mothers, fathers, and adolescents from 212 families in Germany and Slovakia during the COVID-19 pandemic. In both countries, we found that higher levels of father internalizing symptoms exacerbated the relation between pandemic disruption and increases in pandemic-related adolescent internalizing symptoms. Similarly, parental support buffered the relation between adolescent perceptions of COVID-19 disruption and increases in the adolescents’ internalizing symptoms. Peer support and parental warmth were not associated with changes in adolescent-reported internalizing symptoms during the study period. The fathers’ symptoms of anxiety and depression during stressful life events may impact the parent–child relationship by changing the children’s perceptions of parent–child attachment, which may, in turn, be associated with higher levels of adolescent internalizing symptoms. Higher levels of parental support, however, may have helped protect adolescents from some of the more negative aspects of the pandemic.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-995X/3/4/76adolescencefather mental healthinternalizingCOVID-19parentingparent–child relationships |
| spellingShingle | Ann T. Skinner Tamara Ondrušková Eva Klotz Leyla Çiftçi Sierra Jones Rick H. Hoyle Adolescents’ Perceived Changes in Internalizing Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Father Internalizing Symptoms and Parent Support in Germany and Slovakia Youth adolescence father mental health internalizing COVID-19 parenting parent–child relationships |
| title | Adolescents’ Perceived Changes in Internalizing Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Father Internalizing Symptoms and Parent Support in Germany and Slovakia |
| title_full | Adolescents’ Perceived Changes in Internalizing Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Father Internalizing Symptoms and Parent Support in Germany and Slovakia |
| title_fullStr | Adolescents’ Perceived Changes in Internalizing Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Father Internalizing Symptoms and Parent Support in Germany and Slovakia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adolescents’ Perceived Changes in Internalizing Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Father Internalizing Symptoms and Parent Support in Germany and Slovakia |
| title_short | Adolescents’ Perceived Changes in Internalizing Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Father Internalizing Symptoms and Parent Support in Germany and Slovakia |
| title_sort | adolescents perceived changes in internalizing symptoms during the covid 19 pandemic the role of father internalizing symptoms and parent support in germany and slovakia |
| topic | adolescence father mental health internalizing COVID-19 parenting parent–child relationships |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-995X/3/4/76 |
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