Gas Permeability of Mold during Freezing Process Alters the Pore Distribution of Gelatin Sponge and Its Bone-Forming Ability
Freeze-drying, also known as lyophilization, is widely used in the preparation of porous biomaterials. Nevertheless, limited information is known regarding the effect of gas permeability on molds to obtain porous materials. We demonstrated that the different levels of gas permeability of molds remar...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-10-01
|
| Series: | Materials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/21/4705 |
| _version_ | 1797550179223601152 |
|---|---|
| author | Xiaoyu Han Yoshitomo Honda Tomonari Tanaka Kazuki Imura Yoshiya Hashimoto Kazushi Yoshikawa Kazuyo Yamamoto |
| author_facet | Xiaoyu Han Yoshitomo Honda Tomonari Tanaka Kazuki Imura Yoshiya Hashimoto Kazushi Yoshikawa Kazuyo Yamamoto |
| author_sort | Xiaoyu Han |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Freeze-drying, also known as lyophilization, is widely used in the preparation of porous biomaterials. Nevertheless, limited information is known regarding the effect of gas permeability on molds to obtain porous materials. We demonstrated that the different levels of gas permeability of molds remarkably altered the pore distribution of prepared gelatin sponges and distinct bone formation at critical-sized bone defects of the rat calvaria. Three types of molds were prepared: silicon tube (ST), which has high gas permeability; ST covered with polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) film, which has low gas permeability, at the lateral side (STPL); and ST covered with PVDC at both the lateral and bottom sides (STPLB). The cross sections or curved surfaces of the sponges were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and quantitative image analysis. The gelatin sponge prepared using ST mold demonstrated wider pore size and spatial distribution and larger average pore diameter (149.2 µm) compared with that prepared using STPL and STPLB. The sponges using ST demonstrated significantly poor bone formation and bone mineral density after 3 weeks. The results suggest that the gas permeability of molds critically alters the pore size and spatial pore distribution of prepared sponges during the freeze-drying process, which probably causes distinct bone formation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:25:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aae8ab409c8b41678547f86b15a4c015 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:25:51Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-aae8ab409c8b41678547f86b15a4c0152023-11-20T18:04:32ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442020-10-011321470510.3390/ma13214705Gas Permeability of Mold during Freezing Process Alters the Pore Distribution of Gelatin Sponge and Its Bone-Forming AbilityXiaoyu Han0Yoshitomo Honda1Tomonari Tanaka2Kazuki Imura3Yoshiya Hashimoto4Kazushi Yoshikawa5Kazuyo Yamamoto6Department of Operative Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, Osaka 573-1121, JapanInstitute of Dental Research, Osaka Dental University, Osaka 573-1121, JapanGraduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, JapanDepartment of Operative Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, Osaka 573-1121, JapanDepartment of Biomaterials, Osaka Dental University, Osaka 573-1121, JapanDepartment of Operative Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, Osaka 573-1121, JapanDepartment of Operative Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, Osaka 573-1121, JapanFreeze-drying, also known as lyophilization, is widely used in the preparation of porous biomaterials. Nevertheless, limited information is known regarding the effect of gas permeability on molds to obtain porous materials. We demonstrated that the different levels of gas permeability of molds remarkably altered the pore distribution of prepared gelatin sponges and distinct bone formation at critical-sized bone defects of the rat calvaria. Three types of molds were prepared: silicon tube (ST), which has high gas permeability; ST covered with polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) film, which has low gas permeability, at the lateral side (STPL); and ST covered with PVDC at both the lateral and bottom sides (STPLB). The cross sections or curved surfaces of the sponges were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and quantitative image analysis. The gelatin sponge prepared using ST mold demonstrated wider pore size and spatial distribution and larger average pore diameter (149.2 µm) compared with that prepared using STPL and STPLB. The sponges using ST demonstrated significantly poor bone formation and bone mineral density after 3 weeks. The results suggest that the gas permeability of molds critically alters the pore size and spatial pore distribution of prepared sponges during the freeze-drying process, which probably causes distinct bone formation.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/21/4705gas permeabilitylyophilizationpore distributiongelatinbone formationfreeze-dry |
| spellingShingle | Xiaoyu Han Yoshitomo Honda Tomonari Tanaka Kazuki Imura Yoshiya Hashimoto Kazushi Yoshikawa Kazuyo Yamamoto Gas Permeability of Mold during Freezing Process Alters the Pore Distribution of Gelatin Sponge and Its Bone-Forming Ability Materials gas permeability lyophilization pore distribution gelatin bone formation freeze-dry |
| title | Gas Permeability of Mold during Freezing Process Alters the Pore Distribution of Gelatin Sponge and Its Bone-Forming Ability |
| title_full | Gas Permeability of Mold during Freezing Process Alters the Pore Distribution of Gelatin Sponge and Its Bone-Forming Ability |
| title_fullStr | Gas Permeability of Mold during Freezing Process Alters the Pore Distribution of Gelatin Sponge and Its Bone-Forming Ability |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gas Permeability of Mold during Freezing Process Alters the Pore Distribution of Gelatin Sponge and Its Bone-Forming Ability |
| title_short | Gas Permeability of Mold during Freezing Process Alters the Pore Distribution of Gelatin Sponge and Its Bone-Forming Ability |
| title_sort | gas permeability of mold during freezing process alters the pore distribution of gelatin sponge and its bone forming ability |
| topic | gas permeability lyophilization pore distribution gelatin bone formation freeze-dry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/21/4705 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xiaoyuhan gaspermeabilityofmoldduringfreezingprocessalterstheporedistributionofgelatinspongeanditsboneformingability AT yoshitomohonda gaspermeabilityofmoldduringfreezingprocessalterstheporedistributionofgelatinspongeanditsboneformingability AT tomonaritanaka gaspermeabilityofmoldduringfreezingprocessalterstheporedistributionofgelatinspongeanditsboneformingability AT kazukiimura gaspermeabilityofmoldduringfreezingprocessalterstheporedistributionofgelatinspongeanditsboneformingability AT yoshiyahashimoto gaspermeabilityofmoldduringfreezingprocessalterstheporedistributionofgelatinspongeanditsboneformingability AT kazushiyoshikawa gaspermeabilityofmoldduringfreezingprocessalterstheporedistributionofgelatinspongeanditsboneformingability AT kazuyoyamamoto gaspermeabilityofmoldduringfreezingprocessalterstheporedistributionofgelatinspongeanditsboneformingability |