Cryptosporidium and Giardia in cats and dogs: What is the real zoonotic risk?
Due to the close bond between humans and companion animals, a thorough understanding of the diversity of Cryptosporidium species and Giardia assemblages in cats and dogs is essential to determine the potential zoonotic risks. Analysis of molecular studies shows that C. felis and C. canis are the mai...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Current Research in Parasitology and Vector-Borne Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667114X23000468 |
| _version_ | 1797371996879716352 |
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| author | Amanda D. Barbosa Siobhon Egan Yaoyu Feng Lihua Xiao Una Ryan |
| author_facet | Amanda D. Barbosa Siobhon Egan Yaoyu Feng Lihua Xiao Una Ryan |
| author_sort | Amanda D. Barbosa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Due to the close bond between humans and companion animals, a thorough understanding of the diversity of Cryptosporidium species and Giardia assemblages in cats and dogs is essential to determine the potential zoonotic risks. Analysis of molecular studies shows that C. felis and C. canis are the main species infecting cats and dogs, respectively. These species are largely host-specific, as despite intense association with humans, prevalence of C. felis and C. canis in humans is low and predominantly in immunocompromised individuals and low-income countries. There have been reports of C. parvum in cats and dogs and two reports of C. hominis in dogs. In most studies conducted to date, however, the prevalence of zoonotic species was low and may be associated with coprophagy and or/spillback, but this remains to be determined. Results of subtyping studies suggest that for C. felis and C. canis, some zoonotic transmission may occur but host-adapted subtypes also exist. Giardia duodenalis assemblages C and D are commonly reported in dogs, with assemblages F and A most common in cats. Assemblages C, D and F are largely host-specific as there are only a handful of reports of them in humans. Reports of assemblage A and B in cats and dogs may be due to coprophagy or spillback from owners. Despite the extent of pet ownership and the close contact between humans and companion animals worldwide, the overall risk of zoonotic transmission from cats and dogs to humans is uncertain but thought to be low due to C. canis, C. felis and G. duodenalis assemblages C, D and F being predominantly host-specific, the relatively low prevalence of C. parvum (and C. hominis) in cats and dogs (which may be due to mechanical carriage), and low oo/cyst shedding. Carefully designed epidemiological studies of cats and dogs and their owners using subtyping tools are essential to better quantify the extent of spillover and spillback of Cryptosporidium and Giardia between pets and their owners. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T18:29:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aaedf8b2cfb94b3e9c392b9535318932 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2667-114X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T18:29:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Current Research in Parasitology and Vector-Borne Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-aaedf8b2cfb94b3e9c392b95353189322023-12-30T04:45:21ZengElsevierCurrent Research in Parasitology and Vector-Borne Diseases2667-114X2023-01-014100158Cryptosporidium and Giardia in cats and dogs: What is the real zoonotic risk?Amanda D. Barbosa0Siobhon Egan1Yaoyu Feng2Lihua Xiao3Una Ryan4Harry Butler Institute, Vector- and Water-Borne Pathogen Research Group, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia; CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia, DF, 70040-020, Brazil; Corresponding author. Harry Butler Institute, Vector- and Water-Borne Pathogen Research Group, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia.Harry Butler Institute, Vector- and Water-Borne Pathogen Research Group, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, AustraliaGuangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, ChinaGuangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, ChinaHarry Butler Institute, Vector- and Water-Borne Pathogen Research Group, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, AustraliaDue to the close bond between humans and companion animals, a thorough understanding of the diversity of Cryptosporidium species and Giardia assemblages in cats and dogs is essential to determine the potential zoonotic risks. Analysis of molecular studies shows that C. felis and C. canis are the main species infecting cats and dogs, respectively. These species are largely host-specific, as despite intense association with humans, prevalence of C. felis and C. canis in humans is low and predominantly in immunocompromised individuals and low-income countries. There have been reports of C. parvum in cats and dogs and two reports of C. hominis in dogs. In most studies conducted to date, however, the prevalence of zoonotic species was low and may be associated with coprophagy and or/spillback, but this remains to be determined. Results of subtyping studies suggest that for C. felis and C. canis, some zoonotic transmission may occur but host-adapted subtypes also exist. Giardia duodenalis assemblages C and D are commonly reported in dogs, with assemblages F and A most common in cats. Assemblages C, D and F are largely host-specific as there are only a handful of reports of them in humans. Reports of assemblage A and B in cats and dogs may be due to coprophagy or spillback from owners. Despite the extent of pet ownership and the close contact between humans and companion animals worldwide, the overall risk of zoonotic transmission from cats and dogs to humans is uncertain but thought to be low due to C. canis, C. felis and G. duodenalis assemblages C, D and F being predominantly host-specific, the relatively low prevalence of C. parvum (and C. hominis) in cats and dogs (which may be due to mechanical carriage), and low oo/cyst shedding. Carefully designed epidemiological studies of cats and dogs and their owners using subtyping tools are essential to better quantify the extent of spillover and spillback of Cryptosporidium and Giardia between pets and their owners.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667114X23000468CryptosporidiumGiardiaCatsDogsZoonotic potentialZoonosis |
| spellingShingle | Amanda D. Barbosa Siobhon Egan Yaoyu Feng Lihua Xiao Una Ryan Cryptosporidium and Giardia in cats and dogs: What is the real zoonotic risk? Current Research in Parasitology and Vector-Borne Diseases Cryptosporidium Giardia Cats Dogs Zoonotic potential Zoonosis |
| title | Cryptosporidium and Giardia in cats and dogs: What is the real zoonotic risk? |
| title_full | Cryptosporidium and Giardia in cats and dogs: What is the real zoonotic risk? |
| title_fullStr | Cryptosporidium and Giardia in cats and dogs: What is the real zoonotic risk? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cryptosporidium and Giardia in cats and dogs: What is the real zoonotic risk? |
| title_short | Cryptosporidium and Giardia in cats and dogs: What is the real zoonotic risk? |
| title_sort | cryptosporidium and giardia in cats and dogs what is the real zoonotic risk |
| topic | Cryptosporidium Giardia Cats Dogs Zoonotic potential Zoonosis |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667114X23000468 |
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