Wearable Biosensor with Molecularly Imprinted Conductive Polymer Structure to Detect Lentivirus in Aerosol
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has increased pressure to develop low-cost, compact, user-friendly, and ubiquitous virus sensors for monitoring infection outbreaks in communities and preventing economic damage resulting from city lockdowns. As proof of concept, we developed a wearable pa...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Biosensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/13/9/861 |
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| author | Jaskirat Singh Batra Ting-Yen Chi Mo-Fan Huang Dandan Zhu Zheyuan Chen Dung-Fang Lee Jun Kameoka |
| author_facet | Jaskirat Singh Batra Ting-Yen Chi Mo-Fan Huang Dandan Zhu Zheyuan Chen Dung-Fang Lee Jun Kameoka |
| author_sort | Jaskirat Singh Batra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has increased pressure to develop low-cost, compact, user-friendly, and ubiquitous virus sensors for monitoring infection outbreaks in communities and preventing economic damage resulting from city lockdowns. As proof of concept, we developed a wearable paper-based virus sensor based on a molecular imprinting technique, using a conductive polyaniline (PANI) polymer to detect the lentivirus as a test sample. This sensor detected the lentivirus with a 4181 TU/mL detection limit in liquid and 0.33% to 2.90% detection efficiency in aerosols at distances ranging from 30 cm to 60 cm. For fabrication, a mixture of a PANI monomer solution and virus were polymerized together to form a conductive PANI sensing element on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) paper substrate. The sensing element exhibited formation of virus recognition sites after the removal of the virus via ultrasound sonication. A dry measurement technique was established that showed aerosol virus detection by the molecularly imprinted sensors within 1.5 h of virus spraying. This was based on the mechanism via which dispensing virus droplets on the PANI sensing element induced hybridization of the virus and molecularly imprinted virus recognition templates in PANI, influencing the conductivity of the PANI film upon drying. Interestingly, the paper-based virus sensor was easily integrated with a wearable face mask for the detection of viruses in aerosols. Since the paper sensor with molecular imprinting of virus recognition sites showed excellent stability in dry conditions for long periods of time, unlike biological reagents, this wearable biosensor will offer an alternative approach to monitoring virus infections in communities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:59:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aaef9a921e7e43a09aabb83ab50c0e61 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:59:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-aaef9a921e7e43a09aabb83ab50c0e612023-11-19T09:47:21ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742023-08-0113986110.3390/bios13090861Wearable Biosensor with Molecularly Imprinted Conductive Polymer Structure to Detect Lentivirus in AerosolJaskirat Singh Batra0Ting-Yen Chi1Mo-Fan Huang2Dandan Zhu3Zheyuan Chen4Dung-Fang Lee5Jun Kameoka6Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USADepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USADepartment of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USADepartment of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USADepartment of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USAThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has increased pressure to develop low-cost, compact, user-friendly, and ubiquitous virus sensors for monitoring infection outbreaks in communities and preventing economic damage resulting from city lockdowns. As proof of concept, we developed a wearable paper-based virus sensor based on a molecular imprinting technique, using a conductive polyaniline (PANI) polymer to detect the lentivirus as a test sample. This sensor detected the lentivirus with a 4181 TU/mL detection limit in liquid and 0.33% to 2.90% detection efficiency in aerosols at distances ranging from 30 cm to 60 cm. For fabrication, a mixture of a PANI monomer solution and virus were polymerized together to form a conductive PANI sensing element on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) paper substrate. The sensing element exhibited formation of virus recognition sites after the removal of the virus via ultrasound sonication. A dry measurement technique was established that showed aerosol virus detection by the molecularly imprinted sensors within 1.5 h of virus spraying. This was based on the mechanism via which dispensing virus droplets on the PANI sensing element induced hybridization of the virus and molecularly imprinted virus recognition templates in PANI, influencing the conductivity of the PANI film upon drying. Interestingly, the paper-based virus sensor was easily integrated with a wearable face mask for the detection of viruses in aerosols. Since the paper sensor with molecular imprinting of virus recognition sites showed excellent stability in dry conditions for long periods of time, unlike biological reagents, this wearable biosensor will offer an alternative approach to monitoring virus infections in communities.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/13/9/861wearable paper sensormolecular imprintingconductive polymerlentivirusvirus sensor |
| spellingShingle | Jaskirat Singh Batra Ting-Yen Chi Mo-Fan Huang Dandan Zhu Zheyuan Chen Dung-Fang Lee Jun Kameoka Wearable Biosensor with Molecularly Imprinted Conductive Polymer Structure to Detect Lentivirus in Aerosol Biosensors wearable paper sensor molecular imprinting conductive polymer lentivirus virus sensor |
| title | Wearable Biosensor with Molecularly Imprinted Conductive Polymer Structure to Detect Lentivirus in Aerosol |
| title_full | Wearable Biosensor with Molecularly Imprinted Conductive Polymer Structure to Detect Lentivirus in Aerosol |
| title_fullStr | Wearable Biosensor with Molecularly Imprinted Conductive Polymer Structure to Detect Lentivirus in Aerosol |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wearable Biosensor with Molecularly Imprinted Conductive Polymer Structure to Detect Lentivirus in Aerosol |
| title_short | Wearable Biosensor with Molecularly Imprinted Conductive Polymer Structure to Detect Lentivirus in Aerosol |
| title_sort | wearable biosensor with molecularly imprinted conductive polymer structure to detect lentivirus in aerosol |
| topic | wearable paper sensor molecular imprinting conductive polymer lentivirus virus sensor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/13/9/861 |
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