Impaired immunity and high attack rates caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 variants among vaccinated long‐term care facility residents
Abstract Introduction Long‐term care facilities (LTCF) residents are at high risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), and therefore, COVID‐19 vaccinations were prioritized for residents and personnel in Finland at the beginning of 2021. Methods We investigated COVID‐19 outbreaks in two L...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Immunity, Inflammation and Disease |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.679 |
| _version_ | 1797974355428245504 |
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| author | Dorothée Obach Anna Solastie Oona Liedes Saimi Vara Eva Krzyżewska‐Dudek Luise Brinkmann Anu Haveri Charlotte C. Hammer Timothée Dub Seppo Meri Tobias L. Freitag Outi Lyytikäinen Merit Melin |
| author_facet | Dorothée Obach Anna Solastie Oona Liedes Saimi Vara Eva Krzyżewska‐Dudek Luise Brinkmann Anu Haveri Charlotte C. Hammer Timothée Dub Seppo Meri Tobias L. Freitag Outi Lyytikäinen Merit Melin |
| author_sort | Dorothée Obach |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Introduction Long‐term care facilities (LTCF) residents are at high risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), and therefore, COVID‐19 vaccinations were prioritized for residents and personnel in Finland at the beginning of 2021. Methods We investigated COVID‐19 outbreaks in two LTCFs, where residents were once or twice vaccinated. After the outbreaks we measured immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike glycoprotein, neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers, and cell‐mediated immunity markers from residents and healthcare workers (HCWs). Results In LTFC‐1, the outbreak was caused by an Alpha variant (B.1.1.7) and the attack rate (AR) among once vaccinated residents was 23%. In LTCF‐2 the outbreak was caused by a Beta variant (B.1.351). Its AR was 47% although all residents had received their second dose 1 month before the outbreak. We observed that vaccination had induced lower IgG concentrations, NAb titers and cell‐mediated immune responses in residents compared to HCWs. Only 1/8 residents had NAb to the Beta variant after two vaccine doses. Conclusions The vaccinated elderly remain susceptible to breakthrough infections caused by Alpha and Beta variants. The weaker vaccine response in the elderly needs to be addressed in vaccination protocols, while new variants capable of evading vaccine‐induced immunity continue to emerge. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T04:18:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ab08f60de80f497f9dcb93b735f73d65 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2050-4527 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T04:18:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Immunity, Inflammation and Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-ab08f60de80f497f9dcb93b735f73d652022-12-31T08:06:08ZengWileyImmunity, Inflammation and Disease2050-45272022-09-01109n/an/a10.1002/iid3.679Impaired immunity and high attack rates caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 variants among vaccinated long‐term care facility residentsDorothée Obach0Anna Solastie1Oona Liedes2Saimi Vara3Eva Krzyżewska‐Dudek4Luise Brinkmann5Anu Haveri6Charlotte C. Hammer7Timothée Dub8Seppo Meri9Tobias L. Freitag10Outi Lyytikäinen11Merit Melin12Department of Health Security, Infectious Disease Control and Vaccinations Unit Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki FinlandDepartment of Health Security, Expert Microbiology Unit Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki FinlandDepartment of Health Security, Expert Microbiology Unit Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki FinlandDepartment of Health Security, Expert Microbiology Unit Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki FinlandDepartment of Bacteriology and Immunology, Translational Immunology Research Program University of Helsinki FinlandDepartment of Bacteriology and Immunology, Translational Immunology Research Program University of Helsinki FinlandDepartment of Health Security, Expert Microbiology Unit Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki FinlandDepartment of Health Security, Infectious Disease Control and Vaccinations Unit Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki FinlandDepartment of Health Security, Infectious Disease Control and Vaccinations Unit Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki FinlandDepartment of Bacteriology and Immunology, Translational Immunology Research Program University of Helsinki FinlandDepartment of Bacteriology and Immunology, Translational Immunology Research Program University of Helsinki FinlandDepartment of Health Security, Infectious Disease Control and Vaccinations Unit Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki FinlandDepartment of Health Security, Expert Microbiology Unit Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki FinlandAbstract Introduction Long‐term care facilities (LTCF) residents are at high risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), and therefore, COVID‐19 vaccinations were prioritized for residents and personnel in Finland at the beginning of 2021. Methods We investigated COVID‐19 outbreaks in two LTCFs, where residents were once or twice vaccinated. After the outbreaks we measured immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike glycoprotein, neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers, and cell‐mediated immunity markers from residents and healthcare workers (HCWs). Results In LTFC‐1, the outbreak was caused by an Alpha variant (B.1.1.7) and the attack rate (AR) among once vaccinated residents was 23%. In LTCF‐2 the outbreak was caused by a Beta variant (B.1.351). Its AR was 47% although all residents had received their second dose 1 month before the outbreak. We observed that vaccination had induced lower IgG concentrations, NAb titers and cell‐mediated immune responses in residents compared to HCWs. Only 1/8 residents had NAb to the Beta variant after two vaccine doses. Conclusions The vaccinated elderly remain susceptible to breakthrough infections caused by Alpha and Beta variants. The weaker vaccine response in the elderly needs to be addressed in vaccination protocols, while new variants capable of evading vaccine‐induced immunity continue to emerge.https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.679cell‐mediated immunityCOVID‐19elderlylong‐term care facilityneutralizing antibodies |
| spellingShingle | Dorothée Obach Anna Solastie Oona Liedes Saimi Vara Eva Krzyżewska‐Dudek Luise Brinkmann Anu Haveri Charlotte C. Hammer Timothée Dub Seppo Meri Tobias L. Freitag Outi Lyytikäinen Merit Melin Impaired immunity and high attack rates caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 variants among vaccinated long‐term care facility residents Immunity, Inflammation and Disease cell‐mediated immunity COVID‐19 elderly long‐term care facility neutralizing antibodies |
| title | Impaired immunity and high attack rates caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 variants among vaccinated long‐term care facility residents |
| title_full | Impaired immunity and high attack rates caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 variants among vaccinated long‐term care facility residents |
| title_fullStr | Impaired immunity and high attack rates caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 variants among vaccinated long‐term care facility residents |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impaired immunity and high attack rates caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 variants among vaccinated long‐term care facility residents |
| title_short | Impaired immunity and high attack rates caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 variants among vaccinated long‐term care facility residents |
| title_sort | impaired immunity and high attack rates caused by sars cov 2 variants among vaccinated long term care facility residents |
| topic | cell‐mediated immunity COVID‐19 elderly long‐term care facility neutralizing antibodies |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.679 |
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