Keel Fracture Causes Stress and Inflammatory Responses and Inhibits the Expression of the Orexin System in Laying Hens
Keel fracture has negative effects on the health and welfare of laying hens. We investigated effects of keel fracture on stress, inflammation, and the orexin system in laying hens. Ninety 17-week-old Lohmann white laying hens were palpated and euthanatized at 42 weeks old, and marked as normal keel...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/9/10/804 |
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| author | Haidong Wei Chun Li Hongwei Xin Shuang Li Yanju Bi Xiang Li Jianhong Li Runxiang Zhang Jun Bao |
| author_facet | Haidong Wei Chun Li Hongwei Xin Shuang Li Yanju Bi Xiang Li Jianhong Li Runxiang Zhang Jun Bao |
| author_sort | Haidong Wei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Keel fracture has negative effects on the health and welfare of laying hens. We investigated effects of keel fracture on stress, inflammation, and the orexin system in laying hens. Ninety 17-week-old Lohmann white laying hens were palpated and euthanatized at 42 weeks old, and marked as normal keel (NK)/fractured keel (FK) from absence/presence of keel fracture. Serum, brain, liver, and abdominal-muscle samples were collected from 10 NK and 10 FK hens to determine the stress and inflammatory responses and the activity of orexin systems by corticosterone content, expression of heat shock proteins (<i>TNF-α 60</i>, 70, 90), and inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor <i>(TNF)-α</i>, nuclear factor-kappa Bp65 (<i>NF-κBp65</i>), inducible nitric oxide synthase (<i>iNOS</i>), prostaglandin E synthases (<i>PTGEs</i>), cyclooxygenase-2 (<i>COX-2</i>), interleukin-1β (<i>IL-1β</i>)), orexin (<i>ORX</i>), and orexin-receptor 1/2 (<i>ORXR1/ORXR2</i>). The FK hens had higher serum corticosterone content, Hsps, and inflammatory factor mRNA expression levels than NK hens, although levels of <i>iNOS</i> in the liver and <i>TNF-α</i> in the muscle were similar. Protein levels of Hsp70 and Hsp90 in the brain and liver, iNOS and COX-2 in the liver, NF-κBp65, iNOS, and COX-2 in the brain of FK hens were increased compared with NK hens. Furthermore, FK hens had lower mRNA expression of <i>ORX</i>, <i>ORXR1</i>, and <i>ORXR2</i> than NK hens. Therefore, keel fracture causes stress and inflammation, and inhibits the expression of the orexin system in laying hens. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T08:08:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ab14f5bd259043bb9a220c953c56f545 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T08:08:28Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-ab14f5bd259043bb9a220c953c56f5452022-12-22T00:31:52ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152019-10-0191080410.3390/ani9100804ani9100804Keel Fracture Causes Stress and Inflammatory Responses and Inhibits the Expression of the Orexin System in Laying HensHaidong Wei0Chun Li1Hongwei Xin2Shuang Li3Yanju Bi4Xiang Li5Jianhong Li6Runxiang Zhang7Jun Bao8College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCollege of life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaInstitute of Agriculture, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-4506, USACollege of life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCollege of life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaKeel fracture has negative effects on the health and welfare of laying hens. We investigated effects of keel fracture on stress, inflammation, and the orexin system in laying hens. Ninety 17-week-old Lohmann white laying hens were palpated and euthanatized at 42 weeks old, and marked as normal keel (NK)/fractured keel (FK) from absence/presence of keel fracture. Serum, brain, liver, and abdominal-muscle samples were collected from 10 NK and 10 FK hens to determine the stress and inflammatory responses and the activity of orexin systems by corticosterone content, expression of heat shock proteins (<i>TNF-α 60</i>, 70, 90), and inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor <i>(TNF)-α</i>, nuclear factor-kappa Bp65 (<i>NF-κBp65</i>), inducible nitric oxide synthase (<i>iNOS</i>), prostaglandin E synthases (<i>PTGEs</i>), cyclooxygenase-2 (<i>COX-2</i>), interleukin-1β (<i>IL-1β</i>)), orexin (<i>ORX</i>), and orexin-receptor 1/2 (<i>ORXR1/ORXR2</i>). The FK hens had higher serum corticosterone content, Hsps, and inflammatory factor mRNA expression levels than NK hens, although levels of <i>iNOS</i> in the liver and <i>TNF-α</i> in the muscle were similar. Protein levels of Hsp70 and Hsp90 in the brain and liver, iNOS and COX-2 in the liver, NF-κBp65, iNOS, and COX-2 in the brain of FK hens were increased compared with NK hens. Furthermore, FK hens had lower mRNA expression of <i>ORX</i>, <i>ORXR1</i>, and <i>ORXR2</i> than NK hens. Therefore, keel fracture causes stress and inflammation, and inhibits the expression of the orexin system in laying hens.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/9/10/804laying henskeel fracturestressinflammationorexin |
| spellingShingle | Haidong Wei Chun Li Hongwei Xin Shuang Li Yanju Bi Xiang Li Jianhong Li Runxiang Zhang Jun Bao Keel Fracture Causes Stress and Inflammatory Responses and Inhibits the Expression of the Orexin System in Laying Hens Animals laying hens keel fracture stress inflammation orexin |
| title | Keel Fracture Causes Stress and Inflammatory Responses and Inhibits the Expression of the Orexin System in Laying Hens |
| title_full | Keel Fracture Causes Stress and Inflammatory Responses and Inhibits the Expression of the Orexin System in Laying Hens |
| title_fullStr | Keel Fracture Causes Stress and Inflammatory Responses and Inhibits the Expression of the Orexin System in Laying Hens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Keel Fracture Causes Stress and Inflammatory Responses and Inhibits the Expression of the Orexin System in Laying Hens |
| title_short | Keel Fracture Causes Stress and Inflammatory Responses and Inhibits the Expression of the Orexin System in Laying Hens |
| title_sort | keel fracture causes stress and inflammatory responses and inhibits the expression of the orexin system in laying hens |
| topic | laying hens keel fracture stress inflammation orexin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/9/10/804 |
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