Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus−2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been recently identified as the culprit of the highly infectious, outbreak named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. Now declared a public health emergency, this pandemic is present in more than 200 countries with over 14...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmed.2020.00526/full |
| _version_ | 1819143247006531584 |
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| author | Kemmian D. Johnson Christen Harris John K. Cain Cicily Hummer Hemant Goyal Abhilash Perisetti |
| author_facet | Kemmian D. Johnson Christen Harris John K. Cain Cicily Hummer Hemant Goyal Abhilash Perisetti |
| author_sort | Kemmian D. Johnson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus−2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been recently identified as the culprit of the highly infectious, outbreak named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. Now declared a public health emergency, this pandemic is present in more than 200 countries with over 14 million cases and 600,000 deaths as of July 18, 2020. Primarily transmitted through the respiratory tract, the most common clinical presentations of symptomatic individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 include fever, dyspnea, cough, fatigue, and sore throat. In advanced cases, patients may rapidly develop respiratory failure with acute respiratory distress syndrome, and even progress to death. While it is known that COVID-19 manifests similarly to the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and the 2012 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), primarily affecting the pulmonary system, the impact of the disease extends far beyond the respiratory system and affects other organs of the body. The literature regarding the extrapulmonary manifestations (cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, gastrointestinal, ocular, dermatologic, and neurological) of COVID-19 is scant. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the organ-specific clinical manifestations of COVID-19, to increase awareness about the various organs affected by SARS-CoV-2 and to provide a brief insight into the similarities and differences in the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 and the earlier SARS and MERS. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T12:23:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ab185b5597f94572b9d98e7676d41bf5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-858X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T12:23:12Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-ab185b5597f94572b9d98e7676d41bf52022-12-21T18:25:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2020-08-01710.3389/fmed.2020.00526557935Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19Kemmian D. Johnson0Christen Harris1John K. Cain2Cicily Hummer3Hemant Goyal4Abhilash Perisetti5Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United StatesDepartment of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United StatesDepartment of Nurse Anesthesia, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, United StatesCollege of Medicine, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Parker, CO, United StatesDepartment of Internal Medicine, The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, PA, United StatesDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United StatesThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus−2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been recently identified as the culprit of the highly infectious, outbreak named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. Now declared a public health emergency, this pandemic is present in more than 200 countries with over 14 million cases and 600,000 deaths as of July 18, 2020. Primarily transmitted through the respiratory tract, the most common clinical presentations of symptomatic individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 include fever, dyspnea, cough, fatigue, and sore throat. In advanced cases, patients may rapidly develop respiratory failure with acute respiratory distress syndrome, and even progress to death. While it is known that COVID-19 manifests similarly to the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and the 2012 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), primarily affecting the pulmonary system, the impact of the disease extends far beyond the respiratory system and affects other organs of the body. The literature regarding the extrapulmonary manifestations (cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, gastrointestinal, ocular, dermatologic, and neurological) of COVID-19 is scant. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the organ-specific clinical manifestations of COVID-19, to increase awareness about the various organs affected by SARS-CoV-2 and to provide a brief insight into the similarities and differences in the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 and the earlier SARS and MERS.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmed.2020.00526/fullCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2coronavirus 2019COVID-19pneumoniaSARS-CoV-1 |
| spellingShingle | Kemmian D. Johnson Christen Harris John K. Cain Cicily Hummer Hemant Goyal Abhilash Perisetti Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19 Frontiers in Medicine COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus 2019 COVID-19 pneumonia SARS-CoV-1 |
| title | Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19 |
| title_full | Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19 |
| title_fullStr | Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19 |
| title_short | Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19 |
| title_sort | pulmonary and extra pulmonary clinical manifestations of covid 19 |
| topic | COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus 2019 COVID-19 pneumonia SARS-CoV-1 |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmed.2020.00526/full |
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