Hot Days and Heat Waves in Poland in the Period 1951–2019 and the Circulation Factors Favoring the Most Extreme of Them
The aim of the study is to analyze the occurrence of hot days and heat waves in Poland, their intra-annual distribution, and their long-term variability, and to present the circulation factors favoring the appearance of extensive waves in the country. Hot days were days with Tmax not lower than the...
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/3/340 |
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author | Joanna Wibig |
author_facet | Joanna Wibig |
author_sort | Joanna Wibig |
collection | DOAJ |
description | The aim of the study is to analyze the occurrence of hot days and heat waves in Poland, their intra-annual distribution, and their long-term variability, and to present the circulation factors favoring the appearance of extensive waves in the country. Hot days were days with Tmax not lower than the threshold value defined by the 95th percentile of summer Tmax in the period 1961–1990. Atmospheric circulation was described using sea level pressure, geopotential of 700 and 500 hPa level, and horizontal and vertical wind on these levels. A statistically significant increase in the number of hot days in the entire study period and a significant acceleration in growth after 1980 were shown. In the entire analyzed period, only 11 waves were found covering at least 25% of the country area and lasting no less than a week. Among them, only one occurred before 1990, and more than half were observed in the last decade. Four circulation patterns favoring the extensive heat waves were distinguished differing the location of main baric center location. Spatial and temporal distribution of vertical velocity anomalies allows distinguishing clear phases of strengthening, stabilization, and weakening of anticyclone accompanying the occurrence of a heat wave. |
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issn | 2073-4433 |
language | English |
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series | Atmosphere |
spelling | doaj.art-ab1ce810f6974ab08f3e4c9c595e3ad72023-12-03T12:46:47ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332021-03-0112334010.3390/atmos12030340Hot Days and Heat Waves in Poland in the Period 1951–2019 and the Circulation Factors Favoring the Most Extreme of ThemJoanna Wibig0Department of Meteorology and Climatology, University of Lodz, 90-139 Lodz, PolandThe aim of the study is to analyze the occurrence of hot days and heat waves in Poland, their intra-annual distribution, and their long-term variability, and to present the circulation factors favoring the appearance of extensive waves in the country. Hot days were days with Tmax not lower than the threshold value defined by the 95th percentile of summer Tmax in the period 1961–1990. Atmospheric circulation was described using sea level pressure, geopotential of 700 and 500 hPa level, and horizontal and vertical wind on these levels. A statistically significant increase in the number of hot days in the entire study period and a significant acceleration in growth after 1980 were shown. In the entire analyzed period, only 11 waves were found covering at least 25% of the country area and lasting no less than a week. Among them, only one occurred before 1990, and more than half were observed in the last decade. Four circulation patterns favoring the extensive heat waves were distinguished differing the location of main baric center location. Spatial and temporal distribution of vertical velocity anomalies allows distinguishing clear phases of strengthening, stabilization, and weakening of anticyclone accompanying the occurrence of a heat wave.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/3/340temperature extremesspatial extentlong-term variabilityatmospheric circulationsubsidence |
spellingShingle | Joanna Wibig Hot Days and Heat Waves in Poland in the Period 1951–2019 and the Circulation Factors Favoring the Most Extreme of Them Atmosphere temperature extremes spatial extent long-term variability atmospheric circulation subsidence |
title | Hot Days and Heat Waves in Poland in the Period 1951–2019 and the Circulation Factors Favoring the Most Extreme of Them |
title_full | Hot Days and Heat Waves in Poland in the Period 1951–2019 and the Circulation Factors Favoring the Most Extreme of Them |
title_fullStr | Hot Days and Heat Waves in Poland in the Period 1951–2019 and the Circulation Factors Favoring the Most Extreme of Them |
title_full_unstemmed | Hot Days and Heat Waves in Poland in the Period 1951–2019 and the Circulation Factors Favoring the Most Extreme of Them |
title_short | Hot Days and Heat Waves in Poland in the Period 1951–2019 and the Circulation Factors Favoring the Most Extreme of Them |
title_sort | hot days and heat waves in poland in the period 1951 2019 and the circulation factors favoring the most extreme of them |
topic | temperature extremes spatial extent long-term variability atmospheric circulation subsidence |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/3/340 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT joannawibig hotdaysandheatwavesinpolandintheperiod19512019andthecirculationfactorsfavoringthemostextremeofthem |