Serum levels of glucose, thyroid stimulating hormone, and free thyroxine in boys diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a cross-sectional pilot study
Abstract Background Although attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, its aetiology remains unclear. We aimed to establish a relationship between ADHD diagnosis and serum levels of glucose, free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-02-01
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| Series: | BMC Neurology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-024-03563-w |
| _version_ | 1797274252959809536 |
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| author | Tanja Lukovac Olivera Aleksić Hil Milka Popović Tatjana Savić Aleksandra M. Pavlović Dragan Pavlović |
| author_facet | Tanja Lukovac Olivera Aleksić Hil Milka Popović Tatjana Savić Aleksandra M. Pavlović Dragan Pavlović |
| author_sort | Tanja Lukovac |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Although attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, its aetiology remains unclear. We aimed to establish a relationship between ADHD diagnosis and serum levels of glucose, free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in primary school aged boys. Methods In a cross-sectional study, we enrolled 133 participants aged 6.5–12.5 years, 67 of whom met DSM-5 criteria for ADHD and 66 healthy age-matched boys. The ADHDT test (ADHDT) was used to assess ADHD symptoms and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Revised was used to exclude participants with cognitive deficits. The ADHD participants were tested using the Iowa Conners’ Teacher Rating Scale. Results The ADHD participants had lower glucose levels, higher TSH values, and significantly lower FT4 values than the control group. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that TSH is a parameter that is 2.7% more likely to occur in the ADHD group. We found a significant correlation between the TSH level and the symptoms of hyperactivity (r = 0.318, p = 0.009) and impulsivity (r = 0.275, p = 0.024) as well as between the glucose level and the symptoms of hyperactivity (r = 0.312, p = 0.010). Conclusions Certain ADHD symptoms may correlate with certain hormonal patterns. Our results suggest that the likelihood of suffering from ADHD was lower when FT4 levels were elevated. One biochemical parameter that was significantly and independently associated with the diagnosis of ADHD was the serum TSH level. Trial registration On June 26, 2018, at its VI session in 2018, the Ethics Committee of the Institute for Mental Health in Belgrade, Serbia, has considered and unanimously approved the conduct of the research, under the number 1704/1. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:55:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ab338331a17b40e0aa6251d826c6dd2d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2377 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:55:43Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Neurology |
| spelling | doaj.art-ab338331a17b40e0aa6251d826c6dd2d2024-03-05T19:28:03ZengBMCBMC Neurology1471-23772024-02-012411910.1186/s12883-024-03563-wSerum levels of glucose, thyroid stimulating hormone, and free thyroxine in boys diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a cross-sectional pilot studyTanja Lukovac0Olivera Aleksić Hil1Milka Popović2Tatjana Savić3Aleksandra M. Pavlović4Dragan Pavlović5Center for Speech and Language Pathology Higia LogosInstitute of Mental HealthBeo-Lab LaboratoriesInstitute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of BelgradeFaculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of BelgradeFaculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of BelgradeAbstract Background Although attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, its aetiology remains unclear. We aimed to establish a relationship between ADHD diagnosis and serum levels of glucose, free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in primary school aged boys. Methods In a cross-sectional study, we enrolled 133 participants aged 6.5–12.5 years, 67 of whom met DSM-5 criteria for ADHD and 66 healthy age-matched boys. The ADHDT test (ADHDT) was used to assess ADHD symptoms and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Revised was used to exclude participants with cognitive deficits. The ADHD participants were tested using the Iowa Conners’ Teacher Rating Scale. Results The ADHD participants had lower glucose levels, higher TSH values, and significantly lower FT4 values than the control group. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that TSH is a parameter that is 2.7% more likely to occur in the ADHD group. We found a significant correlation between the TSH level and the symptoms of hyperactivity (r = 0.318, p = 0.009) and impulsivity (r = 0.275, p = 0.024) as well as between the glucose level and the symptoms of hyperactivity (r = 0.312, p = 0.010). Conclusions Certain ADHD symptoms may correlate with certain hormonal patterns. Our results suggest that the likelihood of suffering from ADHD was lower when FT4 levels were elevated. One biochemical parameter that was significantly and independently associated with the diagnosis of ADHD was the serum TSH level. Trial registration On June 26, 2018, at its VI session in 2018, the Ethics Committee of the Institute for Mental Health in Belgrade, Serbia, has considered and unanimously approved the conduct of the research, under the number 1704/1.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-024-03563-wFT4TSHGlucoseADHDNeurodevelopmental disordersChildren |
| spellingShingle | Tanja Lukovac Olivera Aleksić Hil Milka Popović Tatjana Savić Aleksandra M. Pavlović Dragan Pavlović Serum levels of glucose, thyroid stimulating hormone, and free thyroxine in boys diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a cross-sectional pilot study BMC Neurology FT4 TSH Glucose ADHD Neurodevelopmental disorders Children |
| title | Serum levels of glucose, thyroid stimulating hormone, and free thyroxine in boys diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a cross-sectional pilot study |
| title_full | Serum levels of glucose, thyroid stimulating hormone, and free thyroxine in boys diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a cross-sectional pilot study |
| title_fullStr | Serum levels of glucose, thyroid stimulating hormone, and free thyroxine in boys diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a cross-sectional pilot study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Serum levels of glucose, thyroid stimulating hormone, and free thyroxine in boys diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a cross-sectional pilot study |
| title_short | Serum levels of glucose, thyroid stimulating hormone, and free thyroxine in boys diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a cross-sectional pilot study |
| title_sort | serum levels of glucose thyroid stimulating hormone and free thyroxine in boys diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder a cross sectional pilot study |
| topic | FT4 TSH Glucose ADHD Neurodevelopmental disorders Children |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-024-03563-w |
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