Investigation on the Durability of E-Glass/Epoxy Composite Exposed to Seawater at Elevated Temperature
In this manuscript, the durability of the E-glass/epoxy composite was determined under a seawater environment. The effect of harsh environment was investigated in terms of seawater absorption, microstructure and degradation in mechanical properties. E-glass epoxy composite specimens were conditioned...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/13/2182 |
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| author | Amir Hussain Idrisi Abdel-Hamid I. Mourad Beckry M. Abdel-Magid B. Shivamurty |
| author_facet | Amir Hussain Idrisi Abdel-Hamid I. Mourad Beckry M. Abdel-Magid B. Shivamurty |
| author_sort | Amir Hussain Idrisi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this manuscript, the durability of the E-glass/epoxy composite was determined under a seawater environment. The effect of harsh environment was investigated in terms of seawater absorption, microstructure and degradation in mechanical properties. E-glass epoxy composite specimens were conditioned in gulf seawater at 23 °C, 65 °C and 90 °C for the period of 12 months. It was observed that the mass of the samples increased after the immersion of 12 months at 23 °C and 65 °C whereas it reduced at 90 °C. The salt deposition was observed at the surface of specimens without any crack for the seawater conditioning at 23 °C and 65 °C. The swelling and crack formation were significantly visible on the surface of the specimen immersed for 12 months at 90 °C. It indicates that the degradation mechanism accelerated at elevated temperature results fiber/matrix debonding. The tensile test indicates slight variation in the elastic modulus and reduction in strength of E-glass epoxy composite by 1% and 9% for specimens immersed at 23 °C and 65 °C respectively. However, at 90 °C, the tensile strength sharply decreased to 7% and elastic modulus significantly increased in the exposure of 12 months. A prediction approach based on a time-shift factor (TSF) was used. This model predicted that the strength retention of E-glass/Epoxy composite will be reduced to 7% in 450 years after immersion in seawater at 23 °C. Lastly, the activation energy for the degradation of the composite was calculated. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:55:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ab3e1e2170364822bb2923b908a654d0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:55:01Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-ab3e1e2170364822bb2923b908a654d02023-11-22T02:27:19ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-06-011313218210.3390/polym13132182Investigation on the Durability of E-Glass/Epoxy Composite Exposed to Seawater at Elevated TemperatureAmir Hussain Idrisi0Abdel-Hamid I. Mourad1Beckry M. Abdel-Magid2B. Shivamurty3Department of Mechanical Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Composite Materials Engineering, Winona State University, Winona, MN 5598, USADepartment of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal 572104, IndiaIn this manuscript, the durability of the E-glass/epoxy composite was determined under a seawater environment. The effect of harsh environment was investigated in terms of seawater absorption, microstructure and degradation in mechanical properties. E-glass epoxy composite specimens were conditioned in gulf seawater at 23 °C, 65 °C and 90 °C for the period of 12 months. It was observed that the mass of the samples increased after the immersion of 12 months at 23 °C and 65 °C whereas it reduced at 90 °C. The salt deposition was observed at the surface of specimens without any crack for the seawater conditioning at 23 °C and 65 °C. The swelling and crack formation were significantly visible on the surface of the specimen immersed for 12 months at 90 °C. It indicates that the degradation mechanism accelerated at elevated temperature results fiber/matrix debonding. The tensile test indicates slight variation in the elastic modulus and reduction in strength of E-glass epoxy composite by 1% and 9% for specimens immersed at 23 °C and 65 °C respectively. However, at 90 °C, the tensile strength sharply decreased to 7% and elastic modulus significantly increased in the exposure of 12 months. A prediction approach based on a time-shift factor (TSF) was used. This model predicted that the strength retention of E-glass/Epoxy composite will be reduced to 7% in 450 years after immersion in seawater at 23 °C. Lastly, the activation energy for the degradation of the composite was calculated.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/13/2182glass fiber compositeelevated temperaturemechanical propertiesmicrostructural analysisdurabilitymodeling |
| spellingShingle | Amir Hussain Idrisi Abdel-Hamid I. Mourad Beckry M. Abdel-Magid B. Shivamurty Investigation on the Durability of E-Glass/Epoxy Composite Exposed to Seawater at Elevated Temperature Polymers glass fiber composite elevated temperature mechanical properties microstructural analysis durability modeling |
| title | Investigation on the Durability of E-Glass/Epoxy Composite Exposed to Seawater at Elevated Temperature |
| title_full | Investigation on the Durability of E-Glass/Epoxy Composite Exposed to Seawater at Elevated Temperature |
| title_fullStr | Investigation on the Durability of E-Glass/Epoxy Composite Exposed to Seawater at Elevated Temperature |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation on the Durability of E-Glass/Epoxy Composite Exposed to Seawater at Elevated Temperature |
| title_short | Investigation on the Durability of E-Glass/Epoxy Composite Exposed to Seawater at Elevated Temperature |
| title_sort | investigation on the durability of e glass epoxy composite exposed to seawater at elevated temperature |
| topic | glass fiber composite elevated temperature mechanical properties microstructural analysis durability modeling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/13/2182 |
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