Acute Oral Toxicity of Tetrodotoxin in Mice: Determination of Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) and No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL)
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is starting to appear in molluscs from the European waters and is a hazard to seafood consumers. This toxin blocks sodium channels resulting in neuromuscular paralysis and even death. As a part of the risk assessment process leading to a safe seafood level for TTX, oral toxicity d...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2017-02-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/9/3/75 |
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| author | Paula Abal M. Carmen Louzao Alvaro Antelo Mercedes Alvarez Eva Cagide Natalia Vilariño Mercedes R. Vieytes Luis M. Botana |
| author_facet | Paula Abal M. Carmen Louzao Alvaro Antelo Mercedes Alvarez Eva Cagide Natalia Vilariño Mercedes R. Vieytes Luis M. Botana |
| author_sort | Paula Abal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is starting to appear in molluscs from the European waters and is a hazard to seafood consumers. This toxin blocks sodium channels resulting in neuromuscular paralysis and even death. As a part of the risk assessment process leading to a safe seafood level for TTX, oral toxicity data are required. In this study, a 4-level Up and Down Procedure was designed in order to determine for the first time the oral lethal dose 50 (LD50) and the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) in mice by using an accurate well-characterized TTX standard. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:02:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ab3f28292df846169a342fe2c53e95f1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:02:11Z |
| publishDate | 2017-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-ab3f28292df846169a342fe2c53e95f12022-12-22T04:28:31ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512017-02-01937510.3390/toxins9030075toxins9030075Acute Oral Toxicity of Tetrodotoxin in Mice: Determination of Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) and No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL)Paula Abal0M. Carmen Louzao1Alvaro Antelo2Mercedes Alvarez3Eva Cagide4Natalia Vilariño5Mercedes R. Vieytes6Luis M. Botana7Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, SpainDepartamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, SpainLaboratorio CIFGA S.A., Plaza Santo Domingo 20-5°, Lugo 27001, SpainLaboratorio CIFGA S.A., Plaza Santo Domingo 20-5°, Lugo 27001, SpainLaboratorio CIFGA S.A., Plaza Santo Domingo 20-5°, Lugo 27001, SpainDepartamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, SpainDepartamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, SpainDepartamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, SpainTetrodotoxin (TTX) is starting to appear in molluscs from the European waters and is a hazard to seafood consumers. This toxin blocks sodium channels resulting in neuromuscular paralysis and even death. As a part of the risk assessment process leading to a safe seafood level for TTX, oral toxicity data are required. In this study, a 4-level Up and Down Procedure was designed in order to determine for the first time the oral lethal dose 50 (LD50) and the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) in mice by using an accurate well-characterized TTX standard.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/9/3/75acute oral toxicityEuropean molluscslethal dose 50 (LD50)No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL)risk assessmenttetrodotoxin |
| spellingShingle | Paula Abal M. Carmen Louzao Alvaro Antelo Mercedes Alvarez Eva Cagide Natalia Vilariño Mercedes R. Vieytes Luis M. Botana Acute Oral Toxicity of Tetrodotoxin in Mice: Determination of Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) and No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) Toxins acute oral toxicity European molluscs lethal dose 50 (LD50) No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) risk assessment tetrodotoxin |
| title | Acute Oral Toxicity of Tetrodotoxin in Mice: Determination of Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) and No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) |
| title_full | Acute Oral Toxicity of Tetrodotoxin in Mice: Determination of Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) and No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) |
| title_fullStr | Acute Oral Toxicity of Tetrodotoxin in Mice: Determination of Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) and No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Acute Oral Toxicity of Tetrodotoxin in Mice: Determination of Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) and No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) |
| title_short | Acute Oral Toxicity of Tetrodotoxin in Mice: Determination of Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) and No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) |
| title_sort | acute oral toxicity of tetrodotoxin in mice determination of lethal dose 50 ld50 and no observed adverse effect level noael |
| topic | acute oral toxicity European molluscs lethal dose 50 (LD50) No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) risk assessment tetrodotoxin |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/9/3/75 |
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