Genetic and antigenic characterization of avian influenza H9N2 viruses during 2016 in Iraq
Background: Little is known about the antigenic and genetic characteristics of influenza A viruses (IAVs) circulating in poultry in Iraq. Objective: This study describes the genetic and antigenic characteristics of the detected avian influenza (AI) H9N2 viruses in Iraq during 2016. Methods: Full...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Tripoli University
2019-06-01
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| Series: | Open Veterinary Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/OVJ-2018-12-323%20N.S.%20Mohamed%20et%20al.pdf |
| _version_ | 1819225439882706944 |
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| author | Nadira S. Mohamed Ahmed Kandeil Ibrahim A.H. AL-Zubaidy Ghazi Kayali Mohamed A. Ali |
| author_facet | Nadira S. Mohamed Ahmed Kandeil Ibrahim A.H. AL-Zubaidy Ghazi Kayali Mohamed A. Ali |
| author_sort | Nadira S. Mohamed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Little is known about the antigenic and genetic characteristics of influenza A viruses (IAVs) circulating in poultry in Iraq.
Objective: This study describes the genetic and antigenic characteristics of the detected avian influenza (AI) H9N2 viruses in Iraq during 2016.
Methods: Full genome sequences of two H9N2 viruses isolated from chickens in Iraq during 2016 were assembled. Antigenic analyses of Iraqi H9N2 viruses and contemporary H9N2 isolates from Lebanon and Egypt were performed by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay.
Results: Phylogenetic analysis of surface glycoproteins and internal segments (PB2, PA, NP, M, and NS) indicated that the Iraqi H9N2 viruses were closely related to G1-like lineage of H9N2 viruses isolated from Pakistan and Iran indicating possible epidemiological links. The PB1 segments of the current characterized H9N2 viruses were not related to any of the previously characterized H9N2 viruses and closely similar to H7N7 virus detected in chickens in Germany in 2015. Multiple genetic determinants for virulence and mammalian transmission were characterized in the characterized H9N2 viruses in Iraq. The antigenic analysis showed a close relationship between H9N2 viruses in Iraq and contemporary H9N2 viruses in Egypt and Lebanon. Like H9N2 viruses, Iraqis H9N2 virus bound to human-like receptor rather than avian-like receptor thus represent a public health risk.
Conclusion: Active surveillance of AIV in poultry and migratory birds should be adopted to monitor the genesis and emergence of new viruses in Iraq. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T10:09:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ab51c87d592a45a3a7695ced22f15a27 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-6050 2218-6050 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T10:09:37Z |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
| publisher | Tripoli University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Open Veterinary Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-ab51c87d592a45a3a7695ced22f15a272022-12-21T17:51:00ZengTripoli UniversityOpen Veterinary Journal2218-60502218-60502019-06-0192164171http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ovj.v9i2.12Genetic and antigenic characterization of avian influenza H9N2 viruses during 2016 in IraqNadira S. Mohamed0Ahmed Kandeil1Ibrahim A.H. AL-Zubaidy2Ghazi Kayali3Mohamed A. Ali4Department of Genebank and Genetic Sequence, Forensic DNA Research and Training Center, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, IraqCenter of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, Water Pollution Research Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, EgyptUnit of zoonotic diseases researches, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqDepartment of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, USA and Human Link, Hazmieh, LebanonCenter of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, Water Pollution Research Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, EgyptBackground: Little is known about the antigenic and genetic characteristics of influenza A viruses (IAVs) circulating in poultry in Iraq. Objective: This study describes the genetic and antigenic characteristics of the detected avian influenza (AI) H9N2 viruses in Iraq during 2016. Methods: Full genome sequences of two H9N2 viruses isolated from chickens in Iraq during 2016 were assembled. Antigenic analyses of Iraqi H9N2 viruses and contemporary H9N2 isolates from Lebanon and Egypt were performed by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. Results: Phylogenetic analysis of surface glycoproteins and internal segments (PB2, PA, NP, M, and NS) indicated that the Iraqi H9N2 viruses were closely related to G1-like lineage of H9N2 viruses isolated from Pakistan and Iran indicating possible epidemiological links. The PB1 segments of the current characterized H9N2 viruses were not related to any of the previously characterized H9N2 viruses and closely similar to H7N7 virus detected in chickens in Germany in 2015. Multiple genetic determinants for virulence and mammalian transmission were characterized in the characterized H9N2 viruses in Iraq. The antigenic analysis showed a close relationship between H9N2 viruses in Iraq and contemporary H9N2 viruses in Egypt and Lebanon. Like H9N2 viruses, Iraqis H9N2 virus bound to human-like receptor rather than avian-like receptor thus represent a public health risk. Conclusion: Active surveillance of AIV in poultry and migratory birds should be adopted to monitor the genesis and emergence of new viruses in Iraq.https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/OVJ-2018-12-323%20N.S.%20Mohamed%20et%20al.pdfAvian influenza virusH9N2Iraq |
| spellingShingle | Nadira S. Mohamed Ahmed Kandeil Ibrahim A.H. AL-Zubaidy Ghazi Kayali Mohamed A. Ali Genetic and antigenic characterization of avian influenza H9N2 viruses during 2016 in Iraq Open Veterinary Journal Avian influenza virus H9N2 Iraq |
| title | Genetic and antigenic characterization of avian influenza H9N2 viruses during 2016 in Iraq |
| title_full | Genetic and antigenic characterization of avian influenza H9N2 viruses during 2016 in Iraq |
| title_fullStr | Genetic and antigenic characterization of avian influenza H9N2 viruses during 2016 in Iraq |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetic and antigenic characterization of avian influenza H9N2 viruses during 2016 in Iraq |
| title_short | Genetic and antigenic characterization of avian influenza H9N2 viruses during 2016 in Iraq |
| title_sort | genetic and antigenic characterization of avian influenza h9n2 viruses during 2016 in iraq |
| topic | Avian influenza virus H9N2 Iraq |
| url | https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/OVJ-2018-12-323%20N.S.%20Mohamed%20et%20al.pdf |
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