Heme-Peroxidase 2, a Peroxinectin-Like Gene, Regulates Bacterial Homeostasis in Anopheles stephensi Midgut
The dynamic nature of mosquito gut microbiome is associated with different stages of development and feeding behaviors. Therefore, mosquito gut harbors a wide range of endogenous microbes that promote numerous life processes such as, nutrition, reproduction and immunity. In addition, gut microbiota...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2020.572340/full |
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| author | Parik Kakani Parik Kakani Lalita Gupta Lalita Gupta Sanjeev Kumar Sanjeev Kumar |
| author_facet | Parik Kakani Parik Kakani Lalita Gupta Lalita Gupta Sanjeev Kumar Sanjeev Kumar |
| author_sort | Parik Kakani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The dynamic nature of mosquito gut microbiome is associated with different stages of development and feeding behaviors. Therefore, mosquito gut harbors a wide range of endogenous microbes that promote numerous life processes such as, nutrition, reproduction and immunity. In addition, gut microbiota also play an important role in the regulation of Plasmodium (malaria parasite) development. Thus, understanding the mechanism of microbial homeostasis in mosquito gut might be one of the strategies to manipulate malaria parasite development. In the present study, we characterized a 692 amino acids long secreted midgut heme-peroxidase 2 (AsHPX2) in Anopheles stephensi, the major Indian malaria vector. The presence of putative integrin binding motifs, LDV (Leu–Asp–Val), indicated its peroxinectin-like nature. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that AsHPX2 is a Culicinae lineage-specific gene. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated silencing of AsHPX2 gene significantly enhanced the growth of midgut bacteria in sugar-fed mosquitoes against sham-treated controls. Interestingly, blood-feeding drastically reduced AsHPX2 gene expression and enhanced the growth of midgut bacteria. These results revealed a negative correlation between the expression of AsHPX2 gene and gut bacterial growth. We proposed that AsHPX2, being a mosquito-specific gene, might serve as a “potent target” to manipulate midgut microbiota and vector competence. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T09:48:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ab5378291dc946cca45f5c81cde2143a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T09:48:49Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-ab5378291dc946cca45f5c81cde2143a2022-12-21T23:51:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2020-09-011110.3389/fphys.2020.572340572340Heme-Peroxidase 2, a Peroxinectin-Like Gene, Regulates Bacterial Homeostasis in Anopheles stephensi MidgutParik Kakani0Parik Kakani1Lalita Gupta2Lalita Gupta3Sanjeev Kumar4Sanjeev Kumar5Molecular Parasitology and Vector Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, IndiaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, IndiaMolecular Parasitology and Vector Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, IndiaDepartment of Zoology, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, IndiaMolecular Parasitology and Vector Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, IndiaThe dynamic nature of mosquito gut microbiome is associated with different stages of development and feeding behaviors. Therefore, mosquito gut harbors a wide range of endogenous microbes that promote numerous life processes such as, nutrition, reproduction and immunity. In addition, gut microbiota also play an important role in the regulation of Plasmodium (malaria parasite) development. Thus, understanding the mechanism of microbial homeostasis in mosquito gut might be one of the strategies to manipulate malaria parasite development. In the present study, we characterized a 692 amino acids long secreted midgut heme-peroxidase 2 (AsHPX2) in Anopheles stephensi, the major Indian malaria vector. The presence of putative integrin binding motifs, LDV (Leu–Asp–Val), indicated its peroxinectin-like nature. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that AsHPX2 is a Culicinae lineage-specific gene. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated silencing of AsHPX2 gene significantly enhanced the growth of midgut bacteria in sugar-fed mosquitoes against sham-treated controls. Interestingly, blood-feeding drastically reduced AsHPX2 gene expression and enhanced the growth of midgut bacteria. These results revealed a negative correlation between the expression of AsHPX2 gene and gut bacterial growth. We proposed that AsHPX2, being a mosquito-specific gene, might serve as a “potent target” to manipulate midgut microbiota and vector competence.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2020.572340/fullAnopheles stephensimidgutbacteriaheme-peroxidasehomeostasisvector competence |
| spellingShingle | Parik Kakani Parik Kakani Lalita Gupta Lalita Gupta Sanjeev Kumar Sanjeev Kumar Heme-Peroxidase 2, a Peroxinectin-Like Gene, Regulates Bacterial Homeostasis in Anopheles stephensi Midgut Frontiers in Physiology Anopheles stephensi midgut bacteria heme-peroxidase homeostasis vector competence |
| title | Heme-Peroxidase 2, a Peroxinectin-Like Gene, Regulates Bacterial Homeostasis in Anopheles stephensi Midgut |
| title_full | Heme-Peroxidase 2, a Peroxinectin-Like Gene, Regulates Bacterial Homeostasis in Anopheles stephensi Midgut |
| title_fullStr | Heme-Peroxidase 2, a Peroxinectin-Like Gene, Regulates Bacterial Homeostasis in Anopheles stephensi Midgut |
| title_full_unstemmed | Heme-Peroxidase 2, a Peroxinectin-Like Gene, Regulates Bacterial Homeostasis in Anopheles stephensi Midgut |
| title_short | Heme-Peroxidase 2, a Peroxinectin-Like Gene, Regulates Bacterial Homeostasis in Anopheles stephensi Midgut |
| title_sort | heme peroxidase 2 a peroxinectin like gene regulates bacterial homeostasis in anopheles stephensi midgut |
| topic | Anopheles stephensi midgut bacteria heme-peroxidase homeostasis vector competence |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2020.572340/full |
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