Hemerythrin E3 Ubiquitin Ligases as Negative Regulators of Iron Homeostasis in Plants
Iron (Fe) is an essential nutrient for plants, but at the same time its redox properties can make it a dangerous toxin inside living cells. Homeostasis between uptake, use and storage of Fe must be maintained at all times. A small family of unique hemerythrin E3 ubiquitin ligases found in green alga...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2019.00098/full |
| _version_ | 1818953831256424448 |
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| author | Jorge Rodríguez-Celma Jorge Rodríguez-Celma Hsuan Chou Takanori Kobayashi Terri A. Long Janneke Balk Janneke Balk |
| author_facet | Jorge Rodríguez-Celma Jorge Rodríguez-Celma Hsuan Chou Takanori Kobayashi Terri A. Long Janneke Balk Janneke Balk |
| author_sort | Jorge Rodríguez-Celma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Iron (Fe) is an essential nutrient for plants, but at the same time its redox properties can make it a dangerous toxin inside living cells. Homeostasis between uptake, use and storage of Fe must be maintained at all times. A small family of unique hemerythrin E3 ubiquitin ligases found in green algae and plants play an important role in avoiding toxic Fe overload, acting as negative regulators of Fe homeostasis. Protein interaction data showed that they target specific transcription factors for degradation by the 26S proteasome. It is thought that the activity of the E3 ubiquitin ligases is controlled by Fe binding to the N-terminal hemerythrin motifs. Here, we discuss what we have learned so far from studies on the HRZ (Hemerythrin RING Zinc finger) proteins in rice, the homologous BTS (BRUTUS) and root-specific BTSL (BRUTUS-LIKE) in Arabidopsis. A mechanistic model is proposed to help focus future research questions towards a full understanding of the regulatory role of these proteins in Fe homeostasis in plants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T10:12:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ab6325b67ef54e058c01d973eddff8a0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T10:12:31Z |
| publishDate | 2019-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-ab6325b67ef54e058c01d973eddff8a02022-12-21T19:44:06ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2019-02-011010.3389/fpls.2019.00098437974Hemerythrin E3 Ubiquitin Ligases as Negative Regulators of Iron Homeostasis in PlantsJorge Rodríguez-Celma0Jorge Rodríguez-Celma1Hsuan Chou2Takanori Kobayashi3Terri A. Long4Janneke Balk5Janneke Balk6Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United KingdomSchool of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United KingdomDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United StatesResearch Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, JapanDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United StatesDepartment of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United KingdomSchool of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United KingdomIron (Fe) is an essential nutrient for plants, but at the same time its redox properties can make it a dangerous toxin inside living cells. Homeostasis between uptake, use and storage of Fe must be maintained at all times. A small family of unique hemerythrin E3 ubiquitin ligases found in green algae and plants play an important role in avoiding toxic Fe overload, acting as negative regulators of Fe homeostasis. Protein interaction data showed that they target specific transcription factors for degradation by the 26S proteasome. It is thought that the activity of the E3 ubiquitin ligases is controlled by Fe binding to the N-terminal hemerythrin motifs. Here, we discuss what we have learned so far from studies on the HRZ (Hemerythrin RING Zinc finger) proteins in rice, the homologous BTS (BRUTUS) and root-specific BTSL (BRUTUS-LIKE) in Arabidopsis. A mechanistic model is proposed to help focus future research questions towards a full understanding of the regulatory role of these proteins in Fe homeostasis in plants.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2019.00098/fullmicronutrientiron deficiencybHLHFBXL5zinc fingersensor |
| spellingShingle | Jorge Rodríguez-Celma Jorge Rodríguez-Celma Hsuan Chou Takanori Kobayashi Terri A. Long Janneke Balk Janneke Balk Hemerythrin E3 Ubiquitin Ligases as Negative Regulators of Iron Homeostasis in Plants Frontiers in Plant Science micronutrient iron deficiency bHLH FBXL5 zinc finger sensor |
| title | Hemerythrin E3 Ubiquitin Ligases as Negative Regulators of Iron Homeostasis in Plants |
| title_full | Hemerythrin E3 Ubiquitin Ligases as Negative Regulators of Iron Homeostasis in Plants |
| title_fullStr | Hemerythrin E3 Ubiquitin Ligases as Negative Regulators of Iron Homeostasis in Plants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hemerythrin E3 Ubiquitin Ligases as Negative Regulators of Iron Homeostasis in Plants |
| title_short | Hemerythrin E3 Ubiquitin Ligases as Negative Regulators of Iron Homeostasis in Plants |
| title_sort | hemerythrin e3 ubiquitin ligases as negative regulators of iron homeostasis in plants |
| topic | micronutrient iron deficiency bHLH FBXL5 zinc finger sensor |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2019.00098/full |
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