Blackleg: A Review of the Agent and Management of the Disease in Brazil
The genus <i>Clostridium</i> is an important group of pathogenic and nonpathogenic Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria with a sporulation capacity and wide distribution in different environments, including the gastrointestinal tracts of healthy and diseased animals and humans. Among the pat...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/4/638 |
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| author | Ananda Iara de Jesus Sousa Cleideanny Cancela Galvão Prhiscylla Sadanã Pires Felipe Masiero Salvarani |
| author_facet | Ananda Iara de Jesus Sousa Cleideanny Cancela Galvão Prhiscylla Sadanã Pires Felipe Masiero Salvarani |
| author_sort | Ananda Iara de Jesus Sousa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The genus <i>Clostridium</i> is an important group of pathogenic and nonpathogenic Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria with a sporulation capacity and wide distribution in different environments, including the gastrointestinal tracts of healthy and diseased animals and humans. Among the pathogenic species of the genus, <i>Clostridium chauvoei</i> stands out as a histotoxic agent. It causes significant myonecrosis such as blackleg, a disease with high lethality, especially in young cattle, and is responsible for significant livestock losses worldwide. The pathogenicity of the disease is complex and has not yet been fully elucidated. Current hypotheses cover processes from the initial absorption to the transport and deposition of the agent in the affected tissues. The virulence factors of <i>C. chauvoei</i> have been divided into somatic and flagellar antigens and soluble antigens/toxins, which are the main antigens used in vaccines against blackleg in Brazil and worldwide. This review provides important information on the first and current approaches to the agent <i>C. chauvoei</i> and its virulence factors as well as a compilation of data on Brazilian studies related to blackleg. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:45:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ab664a2981874925b29cb5fda4aeebe2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:45:53Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-ab664a2981874925b29cb5fda4aeebe22024-02-23T15:04:54ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152024-02-0114463810.3390/ani14040638Blackleg: A Review of the Agent and Management of the Disease in BrazilAnanda Iara de Jesus Sousa0Cleideanny Cancela Galvão1Prhiscylla Sadanã Pires2Felipe Masiero Salvarani3Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal 68740-970, PA, BrazilCentro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, BrazilÂnima Educação, São Paulo 05435-001, SP, BrazilInstituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal 68740-970, PA, BrazilThe genus <i>Clostridium</i> is an important group of pathogenic and nonpathogenic Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria with a sporulation capacity and wide distribution in different environments, including the gastrointestinal tracts of healthy and diseased animals and humans. Among the pathogenic species of the genus, <i>Clostridium chauvoei</i> stands out as a histotoxic agent. It causes significant myonecrosis such as blackleg, a disease with high lethality, especially in young cattle, and is responsible for significant livestock losses worldwide. The pathogenicity of the disease is complex and has not yet been fully elucidated. Current hypotheses cover processes from the initial absorption to the transport and deposition of the agent in the affected tissues. The virulence factors of <i>C. chauvoei</i> have been divided into somatic and flagellar antigens and soluble antigens/toxins, which are the main antigens used in vaccines against blackleg in Brazil and worldwide. This review provides important information on the first and current approaches to the agent <i>C. chauvoei</i> and its virulence factors as well as a compilation of data on Brazilian studies related to blackleg.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/4/638<i>Clostridium chauvoei</i>toxin–host interactionvirulence factorsmyonecrosisvaccination |
| spellingShingle | Ananda Iara de Jesus Sousa Cleideanny Cancela Galvão Prhiscylla Sadanã Pires Felipe Masiero Salvarani Blackleg: A Review of the Agent and Management of the Disease in Brazil Animals <i>Clostridium chauvoei</i> toxin–host interaction virulence factors myonecrosis vaccination |
| title | Blackleg: A Review of the Agent and Management of the Disease in Brazil |
| title_full | Blackleg: A Review of the Agent and Management of the Disease in Brazil |
| title_fullStr | Blackleg: A Review of the Agent and Management of the Disease in Brazil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Blackleg: A Review of the Agent and Management of the Disease in Brazil |
| title_short | Blackleg: A Review of the Agent and Management of the Disease in Brazil |
| title_sort | blackleg a review of the agent and management of the disease in brazil |
| topic | <i>Clostridium chauvoei</i> toxin–host interaction virulence factors myonecrosis vaccination |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/4/638 |
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