Multi-Mycotoxin Analysis in Italian Grains Using Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Quadrupole Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry
Mycotoxins are a major source of contamination in cereals, posing risks to human health and causing significant economic losses to the industry. A comprehensive strategy for the analysis of 21 mycotoxins in Italian cereal grain samples (<i>n</i> = 200) was developed using a simple and qu...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/9/562 |
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| author | Juliane Lima da Silva Sonia Lombardi Luigi Castaldo Elena Morelli Jaqueline Garda-Buffon Luana Izzo Alberto Ritieni |
| author_facet | Juliane Lima da Silva Sonia Lombardi Luigi Castaldo Elena Morelli Jaqueline Garda-Buffon Luana Izzo Alberto Ritieni |
| author_sort | Juliane Lima da Silva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mycotoxins are a major source of contamination in cereals, posing risks to human health and causing significant economic losses to the industry. A comprehensive strategy for the analysis of 21 mycotoxins in Italian cereal grain samples (<i>n</i> = 200) was developed using a simple and quick sample preparation method combined with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC Q-Orbitrap HRMS). The proposed method showed some advantages, such as multi-mycotoxin analyses with simple sample preparation, fast determination, and high sensitivity. The analysis of the sample revealed the presence of 11 mycotoxins, with α-zearalenol being the most frequently detected, while deoxynivalenol exhibited the highest contamination level. Furthermore, co-occurrence was identified in 15.5% of the samples under analysis. Among these, 13% of the samples reported the simultaneous presence of two mycotoxins, while 2.5% showed the co-occurrence of three mycotoxins. Currently, there has been a renewed interest in guaranteeing the quality and safety of products intended for human consumption. This study holds significant value due to its ability to simultaneously detect multiple mycotoxins within a complex matrix. Furthermore, it provides findings regarding the occurrence and co-occurrence of emerging mycotoxins that currently lack regulation under the existing European Commission Regulation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:53:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ab69e0ad33594e7987de8c4f316113a9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:53:53Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-ab69e0ad33594e7987de8c4f316113a92023-11-19T13:16:05ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512023-09-0115956210.3390/toxins15090562Multi-Mycotoxin Analysis in Italian Grains Using Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Quadrupole Orbitrap Mass SpectrometryJuliane Lima da Silva0Sonia Lombardi1Luigi Castaldo2Elena Morelli3Jaqueline Garda-Buffon4Luana Izzo5Alberto Ritieni6School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Av. Itália, Km 8, Rio Grande 96203-900, RS, BrazilDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, ItalySchool of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Av. Itália, Km 8, Rio Grande 96203-900, RS, BrazilDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, ItalyMycotoxins are a major source of contamination in cereals, posing risks to human health and causing significant economic losses to the industry. A comprehensive strategy for the analysis of 21 mycotoxins in Italian cereal grain samples (<i>n</i> = 200) was developed using a simple and quick sample preparation method combined with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC Q-Orbitrap HRMS). The proposed method showed some advantages, such as multi-mycotoxin analyses with simple sample preparation, fast determination, and high sensitivity. The analysis of the sample revealed the presence of 11 mycotoxins, with α-zearalenol being the most frequently detected, while deoxynivalenol exhibited the highest contamination level. Furthermore, co-occurrence was identified in 15.5% of the samples under analysis. Among these, 13% of the samples reported the simultaneous presence of two mycotoxins, while 2.5% showed the co-occurrence of three mycotoxins. Currently, there has been a renewed interest in guaranteeing the quality and safety of products intended for human consumption. This study holds significant value due to its ability to simultaneously detect multiple mycotoxins within a complex matrix. Furthermore, it provides findings regarding the occurrence and co-occurrence of emerging mycotoxins that currently lack regulation under the existing European Commission Regulation.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/9/562grain samplesmycotoxinsUHPLC Q-Orbitrap HRMSco-occurrence |
| spellingShingle | Juliane Lima da Silva Sonia Lombardi Luigi Castaldo Elena Morelli Jaqueline Garda-Buffon Luana Izzo Alberto Ritieni Multi-Mycotoxin Analysis in Italian Grains Using Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Quadrupole Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry Toxins grain samples mycotoxins UHPLC Q-Orbitrap HRMS co-occurrence |
| title | Multi-Mycotoxin Analysis in Italian Grains Using Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Quadrupole Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry |
| title_full | Multi-Mycotoxin Analysis in Italian Grains Using Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Quadrupole Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry |
| title_fullStr | Multi-Mycotoxin Analysis in Italian Grains Using Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Quadrupole Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multi-Mycotoxin Analysis in Italian Grains Using Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Quadrupole Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry |
| title_short | Multi-Mycotoxin Analysis in Italian Grains Using Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Quadrupole Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry |
| title_sort | multi mycotoxin analysis in italian grains using ultra high performance chromatography coupled to quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry |
| topic | grain samples mycotoxins UHPLC Q-Orbitrap HRMS co-occurrence |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/9/562 |
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