In Vivo Characterization of Intracortical Probes with Focused Ion Beam-Etched Nanopatterned Topographies
(1) Background: Intracortical microelectrodes (IMEs) are an important part of interfacing with the central nervous system (CNS) and recording neural signals. However, recording electrodes have shown a characteristic steady decline in recording performance owing to chronic neuroinflammation. The topo...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Micromachines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/15/2/286 |
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| author | Jonathan L. Duncan Jaime J. Wang Gabriele Glusauskas Gwendolyn R. Weagraff Yue Gao George F. Hoeferlin Allen H. Hunter Allison Hess-Dunning Evon S. Ereifej Jeffrey R. Capadona |
| author_facet | Jonathan L. Duncan Jaime J. Wang Gabriele Glusauskas Gwendolyn R. Weagraff Yue Gao George F. Hoeferlin Allen H. Hunter Allison Hess-Dunning Evon S. Ereifej Jeffrey R. Capadona |
| author_sort | Jonathan L. Duncan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (1) Background: Intracortical microelectrodes (IMEs) are an important part of interfacing with the central nervous system (CNS) and recording neural signals. However, recording electrodes have shown a characteristic steady decline in recording performance owing to chronic neuroinflammation. The topography of implanted devices has been explored to mimic the nanoscale three-dimensional architecture of the extracellular matrix. Our previous work used histology to study the implant sites of non-recording probes and showed that a nanoscale topography at the probe surface mitigated the neuroinflammatory response compared to probes with smooth surfaces. Here, we hypothesized that the improvement in the neuroinflammatory response for probes with nanoscale surface topography would extend to improved recording performance. (2) Methods: A novel design modification was implemented on planar silicon-based neural probes by etching nanopatterned grooves (with a 500 nm pitch) into the probe shank. To assess the hypothesis, two groups of rats were implanted with either nanopatterned (n = 6) or smooth control (n = 6) probes, and their recording performance was evaluated over 4 weeks. Postmortem gene expression analysis was performed to compare the neuroinflammatory response from the two groups. (3) Results: Nanopatterned probes demonstrated an increased impedance and noise floor compared to controls. However, the recording performances of the nanopatterned and smooth probes were similar, with active electrode yields for control probes and nanopatterned probes being approximately 50% and 45%, respectively, by 4 weeks post-implantation. Gene expression analysis showed one gene, Sirt1, differentially expressed out of 152 in the panel. (4) Conclusions: this study provides a foundation for investigating novel nanoscale topographies on neural probes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:21:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ab6d8c429ab741e89e5c0b7c20176020 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:21:10Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj.art-ab6d8c429ab741e89e5c0b7c201760202024-02-23T15:27:54ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2024-02-0115228610.3390/mi15020286In Vivo Characterization of Intracortical Probes with Focused Ion Beam-Etched Nanopatterned TopographiesJonathan L. Duncan0Jaime J. Wang1Gabriele Glusauskas2Gwendolyn R. Weagraff3Yue Gao4George F. Hoeferlin5Allen H. Hunter6Allison Hess-Dunning7Evon S. Ereifej8Jeffrey R. Capadona9Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USAAdvanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USAMichigan Center for Materials Characterization, University of Michigan, 500 S. State St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 500 S. State St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA(1) Background: Intracortical microelectrodes (IMEs) are an important part of interfacing with the central nervous system (CNS) and recording neural signals. However, recording electrodes have shown a characteristic steady decline in recording performance owing to chronic neuroinflammation. The topography of implanted devices has been explored to mimic the nanoscale three-dimensional architecture of the extracellular matrix. Our previous work used histology to study the implant sites of non-recording probes and showed that a nanoscale topography at the probe surface mitigated the neuroinflammatory response compared to probes with smooth surfaces. Here, we hypothesized that the improvement in the neuroinflammatory response for probes with nanoscale surface topography would extend to improved recording performance. (2) Methods: A novel design modification was implemented on planar silicon-based neural probes by etching nanopatterned grooves (with a 500 nm pitch) into the probe shank. To assess the hypothesis, two groups of rats were implanted with either nanopatterned (n = 6) or smooth control (n = 6) probes, and their recording performance was evaluated over 4 weeks. Postmortem gene expression analysis was performed to compare the neuroinflammatory response from the two groups. (3) Results: Nanopatterned probes demonstrated an increased impedance and noise floor compared to controls. However, the recording performances of the nanopatterned and smooth probes were similar, with active electrode yields for control probes and nanopatterned probes being approximately 50% and 45%, respectively, by 4 weeks post-implantation. Gene expression analysis showed one gene, Sirt1, differentially expressed out of 152 in the panel. (4) Conclusions: this study provides a foundation for investigating novel nanoscale topographies on neural probes.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/15/2/286nanopatternedmicroelectrodeneuroinflammationgene expressionFIB |
| spellingShingle | Jonathan L. Duncan Jaime J. Wang Gabriele Glusauskas Gwendolyn R. Weagraff Yue Gao George F. Hoeferlin Allen H. Hunter Allison Hess-Dunning Evon S. Ereifej Jeffrey R. Capadona In Vivo Characterization of Intracortical Probes with Focused Ion Beam-Etched Nanopatterned Topographies Micromachines nanopatterned microelectrode neuroinflammation gene expression FIB |
| title | In Vivo Characterization of Intracortical Probes with Focused Ion Beam-Etched Nanopatterned Topographies |
| title_full | In Vivo Characterization of Intracortical Probes with Focused Ion Beam-Etched Nanopatterned Topographies |
| title_fullStr | In Vivo Characterization of Intracortical Probes with Focused Ion Beam-Etched Nanopatterned Topographies |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Vivo Characterization of Intracortical Probes with Focused Ion Beam-Etched Nanopatterned Topographies |
| title_short | In Vivo Characterization of Intracortical Probes with Focused Ion Beam-Etched Nanopatterned Topographies |
| title_sort | in vivo characterization of intracortical probes with focused ion beam etched nanopatterned topographies |
| topic | nanopatterned microelectrode neuroinflammation gene expression FIB |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/15/2/286 |
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