Real-time PCR on skin biopsies for super-spreaders’ detection in bovine besnoitiosis
Abstract Background Bovine besnoitiosis, an emerging disease in Europe that can be transmitted by vectors, is caused by the apicomplexan Besnoitia besnoiti. Bovine besnoitiosis is difficult to control due to the complexity of its diagnosis in the acute stage of the disease, poor treatment success an...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-020-04405-7 |
| _version_ | 1819013690379206656 |
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| author | Christelle Grisez Leslie Bottari Françoise Prévot Jean-Pierre Alzieu Emmanuel Liénard Fabien Corbière Marie Rameil Xavier Desclaux Christophe Lacz Christian Boulon Julie Petermann Jeanne Le Mével Carine Vilardell Philippe Jacquiet |
| author_facet | Christelle Grisez Leslie Bottari Françoise Prévot Jean-Pierre Alzieu Emmanuel Liénard Fabien Corbière Marie Rameil Xavier Desclaux Christophe Lacz Christian Boulon Julie Petermann Jeanne Le Mével Carine Vilardell Philippe Jacquiet |
| author_sort | Christelle Grisez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Bovine besnoitiosis, an emerging disease in Europe that can be transmitted by vectors, is caused by the apicomplexan Besnoitia besnoiti. Bovine besnoitiosis is difficult to control due to the complexity of its diagnosis in the acute stage of the disease, poor treatment success and chronically asymptomatic cattle acting as parasite reservoirs. When serological prevalence is low, detection and specific culling of seropositive cattle is feasible; however, economic considerations preclude this approach when serological prevalence is high. The aims of this study were to evaluate the accuracy of detection of super-spreaders in highly infected herds and to test their selective elimination as a new control strategy for bovine besnoitiosis. Methods Previous real-time PCR analyses performed on skin tissues from 160 asymptomatic animals sampled at slaughterhouses showed that the tail base was the best location to evaluate the dermal parasite DNA load. All seropositive animals (n = 518) from eight dairy or beef cattle farms facing a high serological prevalence of besnoitiosis were sampled at the tail base and their skin sample analysed by real-time PCR. A recommendation of rapid and selective culling of super-spreaders was formulated and provided to the cattle breeders. Subsequent serological monitoring of naïve animals was used to evaluate the interest of this control strategy over time. Results Among the 518 seropositive animals, a low proportion of individuals (14.5%) showed Cq values below 36, 17.8% had doubtful results (36 < Cq ≤ 40) and 67.8% had negative PCR results. These proportions were grossly similar on the eight farms, regardless of their production type (beef or dairy cattle), size, geographical location or history of besnoitiosis. Within two weeks of the biopsy, the rapid culling of super-spreaders was implemented on only three farms. The numbers of newly infected animals were lower on these farms compared to those where super-spreaders were maintained in the herd. Conclusions Real-time PCR analyses performed on skin biopsies of seropositive cattle showed huge individual variabilities in parasite DNA load. The rapid culling of individuals considered as super-spreaders seems to be a new and encouraging strategy for bovine besnoitiosis control. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T02:03:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ab71e5d715614f0cac8dfc3dd0d74910 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-3305 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T02:03:57Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Parasites & Vectors |
| spelling | doaj.art-ab71e5d715614f0cac8dfc3dd0d749102022-12-21T19:19:34ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052020-10-0113111110.1186/s13071-020-04405-7Real-time PCR on skin biopsies for super-spreaders’ detection in bovine besnoitiosisChristelle Grisez0Leslie Bottari1Françoise Prévot2Jean-Pierre Alzieu3Emmanuel Liénard4Fabien Corbière5Marie Rameil6Xavier Desclaux7Christophe Lacz8Christian Boulon9Julie Petermann10Jeanne Le Mével11Carine Vilardell12Philippe Jacquiet13UMR INRA/DGER 1225, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de ToulouseUMR INRA/DGER 1225, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de ToulouseUMR INRA/DGER 1225, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de ToulouseLVD 09, Laboratoire Départemental de l’AriègeUMR INTHERES/DGER, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de ToulouseUMR INRA/DGER 1225, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de ToulouseLVD 09, Laboratoire Départemental de l’AriègeLVD 09, Laboratoire Départemental de l’AriègeFRGDS OccitanieGDS ArdècheGDMA IndreUMR INRA/DGER 1225, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de ToulouseGDS des Alpes de Haute ProvenceUMR INRA/DGER 1225, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de ToulouseAbstract Background Bovine besnoitiosis, an emerging disease in Europe that can be transmitted by vectors, is caused by the apicomplexan Besnoitia besnoiti. Bovine besnoitiosis is difficult to control due to the complexity of its diagnosis in the acute stage of the disease, poor treatment success and chronically asymptomatic cattle acting as parasite reservoirs. When serological prevalence is low, detection and specific culling of seropositive cattle is feasible; however, economic considerations preclude this approach when serological prevalence is high. The aims of this study were to evaluate the accuracy of detection of super-spreaders in highly infected herds and to test their selective elimination as a new control strategy for bovine besnoitiosis. Methods Previous real-time PCR analyses performed on skin tissues from 160 asymptomatic animals sampled at slaughterhouses showed that the tail base was the best location to evaluate the dermal parasite DNA load. All seropositive animals (n = 518) from eight dairy or beef cattle farms facing a high serological prevalence of besnoitiosis were sampled at the tail base and their skin sample analysed by real-time PCR. A recommendation of rapid and selective culling of super-spreaders was formulated and provided to the cattle breeders. Subsequent serological monitoring of naïve animals was used to evaluate the interest of this control strategy over time. Results Among the 518 seropositive animals, a low proportion of individuals (14.5%) showed Cq values below 36, 17.8% had doubtful results (36 < Cq ≤ 40) and 67.8% had negative PCR results. These proportions were grossly similar on the eight farms, regardless of their production type (beef or dairy cattle), size, geographical location or history of besnoitiosis. Within two weeks of the biopsy, the rapid culling of super-spreaders was implemented on only three farms. The numbers of newly infected animals were lower on these farms compared to those where super-spreaders were maintained in the herd. Conclusions Real-time PCR analyses performed on skin biopsies of seropositive cattle showed huge individual variabilities in parasite DNA load. The rapid culling of individuals considered as super-spreaders seems to be a new and encouraging strategy for bovine besnoitiosis control.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-020-04405-7Besnoitia besnoitiCattleControlSuper-spreadersReal-time PCR |
| spellingShingle | Christelle Grisez Leslie Bottari Françoise Prévot Jean-Pierre Alzieu Emmanuel Liénard Fabien Corbière Marie Rameil Xavier Desclaux Christophe Lacz Christian Boulon Julie Petermann Jeanne Le Mével Carine Vilardell Philippe Jacquiet Real-time PCR on skin biopsies for super-spreaders’ detection in bovine besnoitiosis Parasites & Vectors Besnoitia besnoiti Cattle Control Super-spreaders Real-time PCR |
| title | Real-time PCR on skin biopsies for super-spreaders’ detection in bovine besnoitiosis |
| title_full | Real-time PCR on skin biopsies for super-spreaders’ detection in bovine besnoitiosis |
| title_fullStr | Real-time PCR on skin biopsies for super-spreaders’ detection in bovine besnoitiosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Real-time PCR on skin biopsies for super-spreaders’ detection in bovine besnoitiosis |
| title_short | Real-time PCR on skin biopsies for super-spreaders’ detection in bovine besnoitiosis |
| title_sort | real time pcr on skin biopsies for super spreaders detection in bovine besnoitiosis |
| topic | Besnoitia besnoiti Cattle Control Super-spreaders Real-time PCR |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-020-04405-7 |
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