Recent Advances of Cell-Penetrating Peptides and Their Application as Vectors for Delivery of Peptide and Protein-Based Cargo Molecules
Peptides and proteins, two important classes of biomacromolecules, play important roles in the biopharmaceuticals field. As compared with traditional drugs based on small molecules, peptide- and protein-based drugs offer several advantages, although most cannot traverse the cell membrane, a natural...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/8/2093 |
| _version_ | 1797583502937423872 |
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| author | Huifeng Zhang Yanfei Zhang Chuang Zhang Huan Yu Yinghui Ma Zhengqiang Li Nianqiu Shi |
| author_facet | Huifeng Zhang Yanfei Zhang Chuang Zhang Huan Yu Yinghui Ma Zhengqiang Li Nianqiu Shi |
| author_sort | Huifeng Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Peptides and proteins, two important classes of biomacromolecules, play important roles in the biopharmaceuticals field. As compared with traditional drugs based on small molecules, peptide- and protein-based drugs offer several advantages, although most cannot traverse the cell membrane, a natural barrier that prevents biomacromolecules from directly entering cells. However, drug delivery via cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) is increasingly replacing traditional approaches that mediate biomacromolecular cellular uptake, due to CPPs’ superior safety and efficiency as drug delivery vehicles. In this review, we describe the discovery of CPPs, recent developments in CPP design, and recent advances in CPP applications for enhanced cellular delivery of peptide- and protein-based drugs. First, we discuss the discovery of natural CPPs in snake, bee, and spider venom. Second, we describe several synthetic types of CPPs, such as cyclic CPPs, glycosylated CPPs, and D-form CPPs. Finally, we summarize and discuss cell membrane permeability characteristics and therapeutic applications of different CPPs when used as vehicles to deliver peptides and proteins to cells, as assessed using various preclinical disease models. Ultimately, this review provides an overview of recent advances in CPP development with relevance to applications related to the therapeutic delivery of biomacromolecular drugs to alleviate diverse diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:39:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ab7ecde8d149437d90c0a28c3b338040 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:39:49Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-ab7ecde8d149437d90c0a28c3b3380402023-11-19T02:36:42ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232023-08-01158209310.3390/pharmaceutics15082093Recent Advances of Cell-Penetrating Peptides and Their Application as Vectors for Delivery of Peptide and Protein-Based Cargo MoleculesHuifeng Zhang0Yanfei Zhang1Chuang Zhang2Huan Yu3Yinghui Ma4Zhengqiang Li5Nianqiu Shi6School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, ChinaKey Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, ChinaPeptides and proteins, two important classes of biomacromolecules, play important roles in the biopharmaceuticals field. As compared with traditional drugs based on small molecules, peptide- and protein-based drugs offer several advantages, although most cannot traverse the cell membrane, a natural barrier that prevents biomacromolecules from directly entering cells. However, drug delivery via cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) is increasingly replacing traditional approaches that mediate biomacromolecular cellular uptake, due to CPPs’ superior safety and efficiency as drug delivery vehicles. In this review, we describe the discovery of CPPs, recent developments in CPP design, and recent advances in CPP applications for enhanced cellular delivery of peptide- and protein-based drugs. First, we discuss the discovery of natural CPPs in snake, bee, and spider venom. Second, we describe several synthetic types of CPPs, such as cyclic CPPs, glycosylated CPPs, and D-form CPPs. Finally, we summarize and discuss cell membrane permeability characteristics and therapeutic applications of different CPPs when used as vehicles to deliver peptides and proteins to cells, as assessed using various preclinical disease models. Ultimately, this review provides an overview of recent advances in CPP development with relevance to applications related to the therapeutic delivery of biomacromolecular drugs to alleviate diverse diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/8/2093CPPspeptidesproteinsdiscovery of CPPsnew generation of CPPscargo delivery |
| spellingShingle | Huifeng Zhang Yanfei Zhang Chuang Zhang Huan Yu Yinghui Ma Zhengqiang Li Nianqiu Shi Recent Advances of Cell-Penetrating Peptides and Their Application as Vectors for Delivery of Peptide and Protein-Based Cargo Molecules Pharmaceutics CPPs peptides proteins discovery of CPPs new generation of CPPs cargo delivery |
| title | Recent Advances of Cell-Penetrating Peptides and Their Application as Vectors for Delivery of Peptide and Protein-Based Cargo Molecules |
| title_full | Recent Advances of Cell-Penetrating Peptides and Their Application as Vectors for Delivery of Peptide and Protein-Based Cargo Molecules |
| title_fullStr | Recent Advances of Cell-Penetrating Peptides and Their Application as Vectors for Delivery of Peptide and Protein-Based Cargo Molecules |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recent Advances of Cell-Penetrating Peptides and Their Application as Vectors for Delivery of Peptide and Protein-Based Cargo Molecules |
| title_short | Recent Advances of Cell-Penetrating Peptides and Their Application as Vectors for Delivery of Peptide and Protein-Based Cargo Molecules |
| title_sort | recent advances of cell penetrating peptides and their application as vectors for delivery of peptide and protein based cargo molecules |
| topic | CPPs peptides proteins discovery of CPPs new generation of CPPs cargo delivery |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/8/2093 |
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