Baroreflex sensitivity following acute upper-body exercise in the cold among stable coronary artery disease patients
Background: A cold environment and exercise separately affect the autonomic nervous system (ANS), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and blood pressure variability (BPV) but their combined effects on post-exercise recovery are not known. Our cross-over trial examined these responses following upper-body...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2023.1184378/full |
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| author | Kalle Pikkarainen Rasmus I. P. Valtonen Heidi E. Hintsala Antti Kiviniemi Craig G. Crandall Juha Perkiömäki Arto J. Hautala Mikko P. Tulppo Jouni J. K. Jaakkola Jouni J. K. Jaakkola Tiina M. Ikäheimo Tiina M. Ikäheimo Tiina M. Ikäheimo |
| author_facet | Kalle Pikkarainen Rasmus I. P. Valtonen Heidi E. Hintsala Antti Kiviniemi Craig G. Crandall Juha Perkiömäki Arto J. Hautala Mikko P. Tulppo Jouni J. K. Jaakkola Jouni J. K. Jaakkola Tiina M. Ikäheimo Tiina M. Ikäheimo Tiina M. Ikäheimo |
| author_sort | Kalle Pikkarainen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: A cold environment and exercise separately affect the autonomic nervous system (ANS), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and blood pressure variability (BPV) but their combined effects on post-exercise recovery are not known. Our cross-over trial examined these responses following upper-body static and dynamic exercise performed in a cold and neutral environment in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods: 20 patients with stable coronary artery disease performed both graded static (10%–30% of maximal voluntary contraction) and dynamic (light, moderate and high perceived intensity) upper-body exercise at −15°C and +22°C for 30 min. Electrocardiogram and continuous blood pressure were measured to compute post-exercise (10 and 30 min after exercise) spectral powers of heart rate (HR), blood pressure variability and BRS at low (0.04–0.15 Hz) and high (0.15–0.4 Hz) frequencies.Results: Static upper-body exercise performed in a cold environment increased post-exercise high frequency (HF) spectral power of heart rate (HF RR) (p < 0.001) and reduced heart rate (p = 0.001) and low-to-high frequency (LF/HF) ratio (p = 0.006) more than in a neutral environment. In addition, post-exercise mean BRS (p = 0.015) and high frequency BRS (p = 0.041) increased more following static exercise in the cold than in a neutral environment. Dynamic upper-body exercise performed in a cold environment reduced post-exercise HF BRS (p = 0.019) and systolic blood pressure (p = 0.003).Conclusion: Static upper-body exercise in the cold increased post-exercise BRS and overall vagal activity but without reduced systolic blood pressure. Dynamic upper-body exercise in the cold reduced post-exercise vagal BRS but did not affect the other parameters. The influence of cold exposure on post-exercise autonomic and cardiovascular responses following static upper-body exercise require further studies. This information helps understanding why persons with cardiovascular diseases are vulnerable to low environmental temperature. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02855905 (04/08/2016). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T18:34:12Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T18:34:12Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-ab8ea578e29f4b078a3eae6fa3adab112023-10-13T06:00:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2023-10-011410.3389/fphys.2023.11843781184378Baroreflex sensitivity following acute upper-body exercise in the cold among stable coronary artery disease patientsKalle Pikkarainen0Rasmus I. P. Valtonen1Heidi E. Hintsala2Antti Kiviniemi3Craig G. Crandall4Juha Perkiömäki5Arto J. Hautala6Mikko P. Tulppo7Jouni J. K. Jaakkola8Jouni J. K. Jaakkola9Tiina M. Ikäheimo10Tiina M. Ikäheimo11Tiina M. Ikäheimo12Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandResearch Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandCentria University of Applied Sciences, Kokkola, FinlandResearch Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of Internal Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United StatesResearch Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandFaculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FinlandResearch Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandCenter for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandMedical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, FinlandCenter for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandMedical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, NorwayBackground: A cold environment and exercise separately affect the autonomic nervous system (ANS), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and blood pressure variability (BPV) but their combined effects on post-exercise recovery are not known. Our cross-over trial examined these responses following upper-body static and dynamic exercise performed in a cold and neutral environment in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods: 20 patients with stable coronary artery disease performed both graded static (10%–30% of maximal voluntary contraction) and dynamic (light, moderate and high perceived intensity) upper-body exercise at −15°C and +22°C for 30 min. Electrocardiogram and continuous blood pressure were measured to compute post-exercise (10 and 30 min after exercise) spectral powers of heart rate (HR), blood pressure variability and BRS at low (0.04–0.15 Hz) and high (0.15–0.4 Hz) frequencies.Results: Static upper-body exercise performed in a cold environment increased post-exercise high frequency (HF) spectral power of heart rate (HF RR) (p < 0.001) and reduced heart rate (p = 0.001) and low-to-high frequency (LF/HF) ratio (p = 0.006) more than in a neutral environment. In addition, post-exercise mean BRS (p = 0.015) and high frequency BRS (p = 0.041) increased more following static exercise in the cold than in a neutral environment. Dynamic upper-body exercise performed in a cold environment reduced post-exercise HF BRS (p = 0.019) and systolic blood pressure (p = 0.003).Conclusion: Static upper-body exercise in the cold increased post-exercise BRS and overall vagal activity but without reduced systolic blood pressure. Dynamic upper-body exercise in the cold reduced post-exercise vagal BRS but did not affect the other parameters. The influence of cold exposure on post-exercise autonomic and cardiovascular responses following static upper-body exercise require further studies. This information helps understanding why persons with cardiovascular diseases are vulnerable to low environmental temperature. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02855905 (04/08/2016).https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2023.1184378/fullautonomic nervous systembaroreflexblood pressure variabilitycoldexerciseupper-body exercise |
| spellingShingle | Kalle Pikkarainen Rasmus I. P. Valtonen Heidi E. Hintsala Antti Kiviniemi Craig G. Crandall Juha Perkiömäki Arto J. Hautala Mikko P. Tulppo Jouni J. K. Jaakkola Jouni J. K. Jaakkola Tiina M. Ikäheimo Tiina M. Ikäheimo Tiina M. Ikäheimo Baroreflex sensitivity following acute upper-body exercise in the cold among stable coronary artery disease patients Frontiers in Physiology autonomic nervous system baroreflex blood pressure variability cold exercise upper-body exercise |
| title | Baroreflex sensitivity following acute upper-body exercise in the cold among stable coronary artery disease patients |
| title_full | Baroreflex sensitivity following acute upper-body exercise in the cold among stable coronary artery disease patients |
| title_fullStr | Baroreflex sensitivity following acute upper-body exercise in the cold among stable coronary artery disease patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Baroreflex sensitivity following acute upper-body exercise in the cold among stable coronary artery disease patients |
| title_short | Baroreflex sensitivity following acute upper-body exercise in the cold among stable coronary artery disease patients |
| title_sort | baroreflex sensitivity following acute upper body exercise in the cold among stable coronary artery disease patients |
| topic | autonomic nervous system baroreflex blood pressure variability cold exercise upper-body exercise |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2023.1184378/full |
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