Effects of two typical quinolone antibiotics in the marine environment on Skeletonema costatum
This study investigated the effects of levofloxacin (LEV) and norfloxacin (NOR) on Skeletonema costatum, focusing on cell growth, chlorophyll a (Chla) content, maximal quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), protein content, enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and glu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1335582/full |
| _version_ | 1797258676936900608 |
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| author | Yuxin Lin Tiejun Li Yurong Zhang |
| author_facet | Yuxin Lin Tiejun Li Yurong Zhang |
| author_sort | Yuxin Lin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigated the effects of levofloxacin (LEV) and norfloxacin (NOR) on Skeletonema costatum, focusing on cell growth, chlorophyll a (Chla) content, maximal quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), protein content, enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and the membrane lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) content were conducted to analyze the responses of S. costatum under LEV and NOR exposure. Cell growth, Chla content, Fv/Fm, protein content, enzyme activities, and MDA content were assessed to elucidate physiological changes. Both LEV and NOR inhibited S. costatum growth, except for 10 mg/L NOR, which promoted growth. Algal cells exhibited higher sensitivity to LEV, with 96h-IC50 values of 14.770 mg/L for LEV and 44.250 mg/L for NOR. Low NOR concentration (10 mg/L) increased Chla content, while high antibiotic concentrations (>20 mg/L for LEV, >100 mg/L for NOR) decreased Chla content and Fv/Fm, indicating an impact on photosynthesis. Elevated LEV and NOR levels reduced protein and MDA content but increased GR, SOD, and GSH activities, indicating induced oxidative stress. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of LEV and NOR effects on marine microalgae growth and underlying physiological mechanisms, shedding light on potential ecological risks posed by antibiotics in marine ecosystems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T22:57:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ab97cb8c64f9478ca7e52f5a44f32764 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T22:57:20Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-ab97cb8c64f9478ca7e52f5a44f327642024-03-18T04:37:21ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452024-03-011110.3389/fmars.2024.13355821335582Effects of two typical quinolone antibiotics in the marine environment on Skeletonema costatumYuxin Lin0Tiejun Li1Yurong Zhang2School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, ChinaZhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, ChinaZhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, ChinaThis study investigated the effects of levofloxacin (LEV) and norfloxacin (NOR) on Skeletonema costatum, focusing on cell growth, chlorophyll a (Chla) content, maximal quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), protein content, enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and the membrane lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) content were conducted to analyze the responses of S. costatum under LEV and NOR exposure. Cell growth, Chla content, Fv/Fm, protein content, enzyme activities, and MDA content were assessed to elucidate physiological changes. Both LEV and NOR inhibited S. costatum growth, except for 10 mg/L NOR, which promoted growth. Algal cells exhibited higher sensitivity to LEV, with 96h-IC50 values of 14.770 mg/L for LEV and 44.250 mg/L for NOR. Low NOR concentration (10 mg/L) increased Chla content, while high antibiotic concentrations (>20 mg/L for LEV, >100 mg/L for NOR) decreased Chla content and Fv/Fm, indicating an impact on photosynthesis. Elevated LEV and NOR levels reduced protein and MDA content but increased GR, SOD, and GSH activities, indicating induced oxidative stress. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of LEV and NOR effects on marine microalgae growth and underlying physiological mechanisms, shedding light on potential ecological risks posed by antibiotics in marine ecosystems.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1335582/fulllevofloxacinnorfloxacinSkeletonema costatumphotosynthesisantioxidant system |
| spellingShingle | Yuxin Lin Tiejun Li Yurong Zhang Effects of two typical quinolone antibiotics in the marine environment on Skeletonema costatum Frontiers in Marine Science levofloxacin norfloxacin Skeletonema costatum photosynthesis antioxidant system |
| title | Effects of two typical quinolone antibiotics in the marine environment on Skeletonema costatum |
| title_full | Effects of two typical quinolone antibiotics in the marine environment on Skeletonema costatum |
| title_fullStr | Effects of two typical quinolone antibiotics in the marine environment on Skeletonema costatum |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of two typical quinolone antibiotics in the marine environment on Skeletonema costatum |
| title_short | Effects of two typical quinolone antibiotics in the marine environment on Skeletonema costatum |
| title_sort | effects of two typical quinolone antibiotics in the marine environment on skeletonema costatum |
| topic | levofloxacin norfloxacin Skeletonema costatum photosynthesis antioxidant system |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1335582/full |
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