New Pathways Identify Novel Drug Targets for the Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an incurable, progressive neurodegenerative disorder. AD is a complex and multifactorial disease that is responsible for 60–80% of dementia cases. Aging, genetic factors, and epigenetic changes are the main risk factors for AD. Two aggregation-prone proteins play a decisi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/6/5383 |
| _version_ | 1797611327678578688 |
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| author | Botond Penke Mária Szűcs Ferenc Bogár |
| author_facet | Botond Penke Mária Szűcs Ferenc Bogár |
| author_sort | Botond Penke |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an incurable, progressive neurodegenerative disorder. AD is a complex and multifactorial disease that is responsible for 60–80% of dementia cases. Aging, genetic factors, and epigenetic changes are the main risk factors for AD. Two aggregation-prone proteins play a decisive role in AD pathogenesis: β-amyloid (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (pTau). Both of them form deposits and diffusible toxic aggregates in the brain. These proteins are the biomarkers of AD. Different hypotheses have tried to explain AD pathogenesis and served as platforms for AD drug research. Experiments demonstrated that both Aβ and pTau might start neurodegenerative processes and are necessary for cognitive decline. The two pathologies act in synergy. Inhibition of the formation of toxic Aβ and pTau aggregates has been an old drug target. Recently, successful Aβ clearance by monoclonal antibodies has raised new hopes for AD treatments if the disease is detected at early stages. More recently, novel targets, e.g., improvements in amyloid clearance from the brain, application of small heat shock proteins (Hsps), modulation of chronic neuroinflammation by different receptor ligands, modulation of microglial phagocytosis, and increase in myelination have been revealed in AD research. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:26:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-abab8aed625f42d68c6d1d845730c5e2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:26:20Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-abab8aed625f42d68c6d1d845730c5e22023-11-17T11:33:07ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-03-01246538310.3390/ijms24065383New Pathways Identify Novel Drug Targets for the Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer’s DiseaseBotond Penke0Mária Szűcs1Ferenc Bogár2Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm Square 8, H-6720 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm Square 8, H-6720 Szeged, HungaryELKH-SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Dóm Square 8, H-6720 Szeged, HungaryAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is an incurable, progressive neurodegenerative disorder. AD is a complex and multifactorial disease that is responsible for 60–80% of dementia cases. Aging, genetic factors, and epigenetic changes are the main risk factors for AD. Two aggregation-prone proteins play a decisive role in AD pathogenesis: β-amyloid (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (pTau). Both of them form deposits and diffusible toxic aggregates in the brain. These proteins are the biomarkers of AD. Different hypotheses have tried to explain AD pathogenesis and served as platforms for AD drug research. Experiments demonstrated that both Aβ and pTau might start neurodegenerative processes and are necessary for cognitive decline. The two pathologies act in synergy. Inhibition of the formation of toxic Aβ and pTau aggregates has been an old drug target. Recently, successful Aβ clearance by monoclonal antibodies has raised new hopes for AD treatments if the disease is detected at early stages. More recently, novel targets, e.g., improvements in amyloid clearance from the brain, application of small heat shock proteins (Hsps), modulation of chronic neuroinflammation by different receptor ligands, modulation of microglial phagocytosis, and increase in myelination have been revealed in AD research.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/6/5383Alzheimer’s diseasetoxic amyloidsAβtaugeneticsamyloid clearance |
| spellingShingle | Botond Penke Mária Szűcs Ferenc Bogár New Pathways Identify Novel Drug Targets for the Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease International Journal of Molecular Sciences Alzheimer’s disease toxic amyloids Aβ tau genetics amyloid clearance |
| title | New Pathways Identify Novel Drug Targets for the Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_full | New Pathways Identify Novel Drug Targets for the Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_fullStr | New Pathways Identify Novel Drug Targets for the Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | New Pathways Identify Novel Drug Targets for the Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_short | New Pathways Identify Novel Drug Targets for the Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_sort | new pathways identify novel drug targets for the prevention and treatment of alzheimer s disease |
| topic | Alzheimer’s disease toxic amyloids Aβ tau genetics amyloid clearance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/6/5383 |
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