High-Temperature, Bond, and Environmental Impact Assessment of Alkali-Activated Concrete (AAC)
Alkali-activated binders (AABs) offer the opportunity to upcycle a variety of residues into products that can have added value. Although AABs are reported to have a superior high-temperature performance, their thermal behavior is heavily governed by their microstructure. The present study, therefore...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Infrastructures |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2412-3811/7/9/119 |
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| author | Kruthi Kiran Ramagiri Patricia Kara De Maeijer Arkamitra Kar |
| author_facet | Kruthi Kiran Ramagiri Patricia Kara De Maeijer Arkamitra Kar |
| author_sort | Kruthi Kiran Ramagiri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Alkali-activated binders (AABs) offer the opportunity to upcycle a variety of residues into products that can have added value. Although AABs are reported to have a superior high-temperature performance, their thermal behavior is heavily governed by their microstructure. The present study, therefore, evaluates the effect of varying fly ash:slag ratios, activator modulus (Ms), and high temperatures on the microstructure of AAB using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of alkali-activated concrete (AAC) are investigated through compressive, bond, flexural, and split tensile strengths. A life cycle assessment of AAC is performed using the ReCiPe 2016 methodology. The results from microstructural experiments show the formation of new crystalline phases and decomposition of reaction products on high temperature exposure, and they correlate well with the observed mechanical performance. The 28-days compressive strength with slag content is enhanced by 151.8–339.7%. AAC with a fly ash:slag ratio of 70:30 and Ms of 1.4 is proposed as optimal from the obtained results. The results reveal that the biggest impact on climate change comes from transport (45.5–48.2%) and sodium silicate (26.7–35.6%). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:40:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-abc68895d007492a9b7c84c5f44cdce4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2412-3811 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:40:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Infrastructures |
| spelling | doaj.art-abc68895d007492a9b7c84c5f44cdce42023-11-23T16:53:47ZengMDPI AGInfrastructures2412-38112022-09-017911910.3390/infrastructures7090119High-Temperature, Bond, and Environmental Impact Assessment of Alkali-Activated Concrete (AAC)Kruthi Kiran Ramagiri0Patricia Kara De Maeijer1Arkamitra Kar2Department of Civil Engineering, Hyderabad Campus, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad 500078, IndiaBuilt Environment Assessing Sustainability (BEASt), EMIB, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, BelgiumDepartment of Civil Engineering, Hyderabad Campus, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad 500078, IndiaAlkali-activated binders (AABs) offer the opportunity to upcycle a variety of residues into products that can have added value. Although AABs are reported to have a superior high-temperature performance, their thermal behavior is heavily governed by their microstructure. The present study, therefore, evaluates the effect of varying fly ash:slag ratios, activator modulus (Ms), and high temperatures on the microstructure of AAB using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of alkali-activated concrete (AAC) are investigated through compressive, bond, flexural, and split tensile strengths. A life cycle assessment of AAC is performed using the ReCiPe 2016 methodology. The results from microstructural experiments show the formation of new crystalline phases and decomposition of reaction products on high temperature exposure, and they correlate well with the observed mechanical performance. The 28-days compressive strength with slag content is enhanced by 151.8–339.7%. AAC with a fly ash:slag ratio of 70:30 and Ms of 1.4 is proposed as optimal from the obtained results. The results reveal that the biggest impact on climate change comes from transport (45.5–48.2%) and sodium silicate (26.7–35.6%).https://www.mdpi.com/2412-3811/7/9/119alkali-activated binder (AAB)alkali-activated concrete (AAC)high temperaturesustainabilitymicrostructurelife cycle assessment (LCA) |
| spellingShingle | Kruthi Kiran Ramagiri Patricia Kara De Maeijer Arkamitra Kar High-Temperature, Bond, and Environmental Impact Assessment of Alkali-Activated Concrete (AAC) Infrastructures alkali-activated binder (AAB) alkali-activated concrete (AAC) high temperature sustainability microstructure life cycle assessment (LCA) |
| title | High-Temperature, Bond, and Environmental Impact Assessment of Alkali-Activated Concrete (AAC) |
| title_full | High-Temperature, Bond, and Environmental Impact Assessment of Alkali-Activated Concrete (AAC) |
| title_fullStr | High-Temperature, Bond, and Environmental Impact Assessment of Alkali-Activated Concrete (AAC) |
| title_full_unstemmed | High-Temperature, Bond, and Environmental Impact Assessment of Alkali-Activated Concrete (AAC) |
| title_short | High-Temperature, Bond, and Environmental Impact Assessment of Alkali-Activated Concrete (AAC) |
| title_sort | high temperature bond and environmental impact assessment of alkali activated concrete aac |
| topic | alkali-activated binder (AAB) alkali-activated concrete (AAC) high temperature sustainability microstructure life cycle assessment (LCA) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2412-3811/7/9/119 |
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