UAV Inspection of Compliance of Fuel Sulfur Content of Sailing Ships in the Pearl River Delta, China
Air pollutants emitted by ships are one of the major causes of global environmental and human health problems, especially for sulfur oxides (SO<sub>2</sub>). In this study, a mini-sniffing sensor was mounted on the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to monitor the concentration relationship b...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/11/1894 |
| _version_ | 1797465933933969408 |
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| author | Jianbo Hu Mengtao Deng Shitao Peng Zhaoyu Qi |
| author_facet | Jianbo Hu Mengtao Deng Shitao Peng Zhaoyu Qi |
| author_sort | Jianbo Hu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Air pollutants emitted by ships are one of the major causes of global environmental and human health problems, especially for sulfur oxides (SO<sub>2</sub>). In this study, a mini-sniffing sensor was mounted on the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to monitor the concentration relationship between CO<sub>2</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub> in the exhaust gas of sailing ships, then the sulfur content of the ship’s fuel oil was estimated to evaluate the compliance of the fuel sulfur content (FSC) with IMO regulations. In the experiment, the measurement results of the exhaust gas of sailing ships in the Pearl River Delta were presented, the data set from February to April 2022 was provided, and 445 ships were comprehensively analyzed from the perspectives of ship length and ship type. From the experimental results, considering the error of the sensor, the compliance rate of the FSC of sailing ships entering and leaving the Pearl River reached 93.7%. To some extent, the current situation for meeting the 0.5% (<i>m</i>/<i>m</i>) limit is basically optimistic. The results represent the effectiveness of DECA policy implementation. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness and reliability of the UAV monitoring method in monitoring emissions from ships, and in more effectively monitoring the impact of shipping on air quality. Furthermore, an accurate and non-contact monitoring method is proposed, which can allow law enforcement officers to judge in advance whether the ships sailing is suspected of illegally using high-sulfur fuels. It can improve the efficiency of law enforcement and reduce the cost of supervision. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:28:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-abc811aebe34410185aca1a84468f91c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:28:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-abc811aebe34410185aca1a84468f91c2023-11-24T07:42:34ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332022-11-011311189410.3390/atmos13111894UAV Inspection of Compliance of Fuel Sulfur Content of Sailing Ships in the Pearl River Delta, ChinaJianbo Hu0Mengtao Deng1Shitao Peng2Zhaoyu Qi3Laboratory of Environmental Protection in Water Transport Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Port Hydraulic Construction Technology, Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, M.O.T., Tianjin 300456, ChinaLaboratory of Environmental Protection in Water Transport Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Port Hydraulic Construction Technology, Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, M.O.T., Tianjin 300456, ChinaLaboratory of Environmental Protection in Water Transport Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Port Hydraulic Construction Technology, Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, M.O.T., Tianjin 300456, ChinaLaboratory of Environmental Protection in Water Transport Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Port Hydraulic Construction Technology, Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, M.O.T., Tianjin 300456, ChinaAir pollutants emitted by ships are one of the major causes of global environmental and human health problems, especially for sulfur oxides (SO<sub>2</sub>). In this study, a mini-sniffing sensor was mounted on the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to monitor the concentration relationship between CO<sub>2</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub> in the exhaust gas of sailing ships, then the sulfur content of the ship’s fuel oil was estimated to evaluate the compliance of the fuel sulfur content (FSC) with IMO regulations. In the experiment, the measurement results of the exhaust gas of sailing ships in the Pearl River Delta were presented, the data set from February to April 2022 was provided, and 445 ships were comprehensively analyzed from the perspectives of ship length and ship type. From the experimental results, considering the error of the sensor, the compliance rate of the FSC of sailing ships entering and leaving the Pearl River reached 93.7%. To some extent, the current situation for meeting the 0.5% (<i>m</i>/<i>m</i>) limit is basically optimistic. The results represent the effectiveness of DECA policy implementation. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness and reliability of the UAV monitoring method in monitoring emissions from ships, and in more effectively monitoring the impact of shipping on air quality. Furthermore, an accurate and non-contact monitoring method is proposed, which can allow law enforcement officers to judge in advance whether the ships sailing is suspected of illegally using high-sulfur fuels. It can improve the efficiency of law enforcement and reduce the cost of supervision.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/11/1894SO<sub>2</sub>UAVFSCPearl River deltacompliance rate |
| spellingShingle | Jianbo Hu Mengtao Deng Shitao Peng Zhaoyu Qi UAV Inspection of Compliance of Fuel Sulfur Content of Sailing Ships in the Pearl River Delta, China Atmosphere SO<sub>2</sub> UAV FSC Pearl River delta compliance rate |
| title | UAV Inspection of Compliance of Fuel Sulfur Content of Sailing Ships in the Pearl River Delta, China |
| title_full | UAV Inspection of Compliance of Fuel Sulfur Content of Sailing Ships in the Pearl River Delta, China |
| title_fullStr | UAV Inspection of Compliance of Fuel Sulfur Content of Sailing Ships in the Pearl River Delta, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | UAV Inspection of Compliance of Fuel Sulfur Content of Sailing Ships in the Pearl River Delta, China |
| title_short | UAV Inspection of Compliance of Fuel Sulfur Content of Sailing Ships in the Pearl River Delta, China |
| title_sort | uav inspection of compliance of fuel sulfur content of sailing ships in the pearl river delta china |
| topic | SO<sub>2</sub> UAV FSC Pearl River delta compliance rate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/11/1894 |
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