Nonconventional opponents: a review of malaria and leishmaniasis among United States Armed Forces
As the United States military engage with different countries and cultures throughout the world, personnel become exposed to new biospheres as well. There are many infectious pathogens that are not endemic to the US, but two of particular importance are Plasmodium and Leishmania, which respectively...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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PeerJ Inc.
2019-01-01
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| Series: | PeerJ |
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| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/6313.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797418405367644160 |
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| author | Kaylin J. Beiter Zachariah J. Wentlent Adrian R. Hamouda Bolaji N. Thomas |
| author_facet | Kaylin J. Beiter Zachariah J. Wentlent Adrian R. Hamouda Bolaji N. Thomas |
| author_sort | Kaylin J. Beiter |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As the United States military engage with different countries and cultures throughout the world, personnel become exposed to new biospheres as well. There are many infectious pathogens that are not endemic to the US, but two of particular importance are Plasmodium and Leishmania, which respectively cause malaria and leishmaniasis. These parasites are both known to cause significant disease burden in their endemic locales, and thus pose a threat to military travelers. This review introduces readers to basic life cycle and disease mechanisms for each. Local and military epidemiology are described, as are the specific actions taken by the US military for prevention and treatment purposes. Complications of such measures with regard to human health are also discussed, including possible chemical toxicities. Additionally, poor recognition of these diseases upon an individual’s return leading to complications and treatment delays in the United States are examined. Information about canine leishmaniasis, poorly studied relative to its human manifestation, but of importance due to the utilization of dogs in military endeavors is presented. Future implications for the American healthcare system regarding malaria and leishmaniasis are also presented. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:32:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-abd47886b3c242718603580c689aa845 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:32:16Z |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PeerJ |
| spelling | doaj.art-abd47886b3c242718603580c689aa8452023-12-03T11:03:58ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592019-01-017e631310.7717/peerj.6313Nonconventional opponents: a review of malaria and leishmaniasis among United States Armed ForcesKaylin J. Beiter0Zachariah J. Wentlent1Adrian R. Hamouda2Bolaji N. Thomas3Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States of AmericaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States of AmericaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States of AmericaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States of AmericaAs the United States military engage with different countries and cultures throughout the world, personnel become exposed to new biospheres as well. There are many infectious pathogens that are not endemic to the US, but two of particular importance are Plasmodium and Leishmania, which respectively cause malaria and leishmaniasis. These parasites are both known to cause significant disease burden in their endemic locales, and thus pose a threat to military travelers. This review introduces readers to basic life cycle and disease mechanisms for each. Local and military epidemiology are described, as are the specific actions taken by the US military for prevention and treatment purposes. Complications of such measures with regard to human health are also discussed, including possible chemical toxicities. Additionally, poor recognition of these diseases upon an individual’s return leading to complications and treatment delays in the United States are examined. Information about canine leishmaniasis, poorly studied relative to its human manifestation, but of importance due to the utilization of dogs in military endeavors is presented. Future implications for the American healthcare system regarding malaria and leishmaniasis are also presented.https://peerj.com/articles/6313.pdfParasitesUnited StatesLeishmaniasisMilitaryMalaria |
| spellingShingle | Kaylin J. Beiter Zachariah J. Wentlent Adrian R. Hamouda Bolaji N. Thomas Nonconventional opponents: a review of malaria and leishmaniasis among United States Armed Forces PeerJ Parasites United States Leishmaniasis Military Malaria |
| title | Nonconventional opponents: a review of malaria and leishmaniasis among United States Armed Forces |
| title_full | Nonconventional opponents: a review of malaria and leishmaniasis among United States Armed Forces |
| title_fullStr | Nonconventional opponents: a review of malaria and leishmaniasis among United States Armed Forces |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nonconventional opponents: a review of malaria and leishmaniasis among United States Armed Forces |
| title_short | Nonconventional opponents: a review of malaria and leishmaniasis among United States Armed Forces |
| title_sort | nonconventional opponents a review of malaria and leishmaniasis among united states armed forces |
| topic | Parasites United States Leishmaniasis Military Malaria |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/6313.pdf |
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