Grid ancillary services using electrolyzer-Based power-to-Gas systems with increasing renewable penetration
Increasing penetrations of renewable-based generation have led to a decrease in the bulk power system inertia and an increase in intermittency and uncertainty in generation. Energy storage is considered to be an important factor to help manage renewable energy generation at greater penetrations. Hyd...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-12-01
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| Series: | e-Prime: Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772671123002036 |
| _version_ | 1797388627153518592 |
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| author | Rishabh Jain Kazunori Nagasawa Santosh Veda Sam Sprik |
| author_facet | Rishabh Jain Kazunori Nagasawa Santosh Veda Sam Sprik |
| author_sort | Rishabh Jain |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Increasing penetrations of renewable-based generation have led to a decrease in the bulk power system inertia and an increase in intermittency and uncertainty in generation. Energy storage is considered to be an important factor to help manage renewable energy generation at greater penetrations. Hydrogen is a viable long-term storage alternative. This paper analyzes and presents use cases for leveraging electrolyzer-based power-to-gas systems for electric grid support. The paper also discusses some grid services that may favor the use of hydrogen-based storage over other forms such as battery energy storage. Real-time controls are developed, implemented and demonstrated using a power-hardware-in-the-loop(PHIL) setup with a 225-kW proton-exchange-membrane electrolyzer stack. These controls demonstrate frequency and voltage support for the grid for different levels of renewable penetration (0%, 25%, and 50%). A comparison of the results shows the changes in respective frequencies and voltages as seen as different buses as a result of support from the electrolyzers and notes the impact on hydrogen production as a result of grid support. Finally, the paper discusses the practical nuances of implementing the tests with physical hardware, such as inverter/electrolyzer efficiency, as well as the related constraints and opportunities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T22:43:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-abe8a626f9514024ab69baeaadbb967b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2772-6711 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T22:43:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | e-Prime: Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy |
| spelling | doaj.art-abe8a626f9514024ab69baeaadbb967b2023-12-17T06:43:20ZengElseviere-Prime: Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy2772-67112023-12-016100308Grid ancillary services using electrolyzer-Based power-to-Gas systems with increasing renewable penetrationRishabh Jain0Kazunori Nagasawa1Santosh Veda2Sam Sprik3Corresponding author.; National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver W. Parkway, Golden, Colorado, 80401, USANational Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver W. Parkway, Golden, Colorado, 80401, USANational Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver W. Parkway, Golden, Colorado, 80401, USANational Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver W. Parkway, Golden, Colorado, 80401, USAIncreasing penetrations of renewable-based generation have led to a decrease in the bulk power system inertia and an increase in intermittency and uncertainty in generation. Energy storage is considered to be an important factor to help manage renewable energy generation at greater penetrations. Hydrogen is a viable long-term storage alternative. This paper analyzes and presents use cases for leveraging electrolyzer-based power-to-gas systems for electric grid support. The paper also discusses some grid services that may favor the use of hydrogen-based storage over other forms such as battery energy storage. Real-time controls are developed, implemented and demonstrated using a power-hardware-in-the-loop(PHIL) setup with a 225-kW proton-exchange-membrane electrolyzer stack. These controls demonstrate frequency and voltage support for the grid for different levels of renewable penetration (0%, 25%, and 50%). A comparison of the results shows the changes in respective frequencies and voltages as seen as different buses as a result of support from the electrolyzers and notes the impact on hydrogen production as a result of grid support. Finally, the paper discusses the practical nuances of implementing the tests with physical hardware, such as inverter/electrolyzer efficiency, as well as the related constraints and opportunities.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772671123002036Power-to-Gas systemsElectrolyzersGrid integrationAncillary servicesFrequency supportVoltage support |
| spellingShingle | Rishabh Jain Kazunori Nagasawa Santosh Veda Sam Sprik Grid ancillary services using electrolyzer-Based power-to-Gas systems with increasing renewable penetration e-Prime: Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy Power-to-Gas systems Electrolyzers Grid integration Ancillary services Frequency support Voltage support |
| title | Grid ancillary services using electrolyzer-Based power-to-Gas systems with increasing renewable penetration |
| title_full | Grid ancillary services using electrolyzer-Based power-to-Gas systems with increasing renewable penetration |
| title_fullStr | Grid ancillary services using electrolyzer-Based power-to-Gas systems with increasing renewable penetration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Grid ancillary services using electrolyzer-Based power-to-Gas systems with increasing renewable penetration |
| title_short | Grid ancillary services using electrolyzer-Based power-to-Gas systems with increasing renewable penetration |
| title_sort | grid ancillary services using electrolyzer based power to gas systems with increasing renewable penetration |
| topic | Power-to-Gas systems Electrolyzers Grid integration Ancillary services Frequency support Voltage support |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772671123002036 |
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