Mechanical crosstalk between the intervertebral disc, facet joints, and vertebral endplate following acute disc injury in a rabbit model
Abstract Background Vertebral endplate sclerosis and facet osteoarthritis have been documented in animals and humans. However, it is unclear how these adjacent pathologies engage in crosstalk with the intervertebral disc. This study sought to elucidate this crosstalk by assessing each compartment in...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2023-12-01
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| Series: | JOR Spine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/jsp2.1287 |
| _version_ | 1797374860128681984 |
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| author | Matthew Fainor Brianna S. Orozco Victoria G. Muir Sonal Mahindroo Sachin Gupta Robert L. Mauck Jason A. Burdick Harvey E. Smith Sarah E. Gullbrand |
| author_facet | Matthew Fainor Brianna S. Orozco Victoria G. Muir Sonal Mahindroo Sachin Gupta Robert L. Mauck Jason A. Burdick Harvey E. Smith Sarah E. Gullbrand |
| author_sort | Matthew Fainor |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Vertebral endplate sclerosis and facet osteoarthritis have been documented in animals and humans. However, it is unclear how these adjacent pathologies engage in crosstalk with the intervertebral disc. This study sought to elucidate this crosstalk by assessing each compartment individually in response to acute disc injury. Methods Eleven New Zealand White rabbits underwent annular disc puncture using a 16G or 21G needle. At 4 and 10 weeks, individual compartments of the motion segment were analyzed. Discs underwent T1 relaxation mapping with MRI contrast agent gadodiamide as well T2 mapping. Both discs and facets underwent mechanical testing via vertebra—disc—vertebra tension‐compression creep testing and indentation testing, respectively. Endplate bone density was quantified via μCT. Discs and facets were sectioned and stained for histology scoring. Results Intervertebral discs became more degenerative with increasing needle diameter and time post‐puncture. Bone density also increased in endplates adjacent to both 21G and 16G punctured discs leading to reduced gadodiamide transport at 10 weeks. The facet joints, however, did not follow this same trend. Facets adjacent to 16G punctured discs were less degenerative than facets adjacent to 21G punctured discs at 10 weeks. 16G facets were more degenerative at 4 weeks than at 10, suggesting the cartilage had recovered. The formation of severe disc osteophytes in 16G punctured discs between 4 and 10 weeks likely offloaded the facet cartilage, leading to the recovery observed. Conclusions Overall, this study supports that degeneration spans the whole spinal motion segment following disc injury. Vertebral endplate thickening occurred in response to disc injury, which limited the diffusion of small molecules into the disc. This work also suggests that altered disc mechanics can induce facet degeneration, and that extreme bony remodeling adjacent to the disc may promote facet cartilage recovery through offloading of the articular cartilage. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T19:11:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-abebc0e9758c40a7802f05139482a46d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2572-1143 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T19:11:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | JOR Spine |
| spelling | doaj.art-abebc0e9758c40a7802f05139482a46d2023-12-27T12:34:04ZengWileyJOR Spine2572-11432023-12-0164n/an/a10.1002/jsp2.1287Mechanical crosstalk between the intervertebral disc, facet joints, and vertebral endplate following acute disc injury in a rabbit modelMatthew Fainor0Brianna S. Orozco1Victoria G. Muir2Sonal Mahindroo3Sachin Gupta4Robert L. Mauck5Jason A. Burdick6Harvey E. Smith7Sarah E. Gullbrand8Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USADepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USADepartment of Bioengineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USATranslational Musculoskeletal Research Center Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center Philadelphia Pennsylvania USADepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USADepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USADepartment of Bioengineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USADepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USADepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USAAbstract Background Vertebral endplate sclerosis and facet osteoarthritis have been documented in animals and humans. However, it is unclear how these adjacent pathologies engage in crosstalk with the intervertebral disc. This study sought to elucidate this crosstalk by assessing each compartment individually in response to acute disc injury. Methods Eleven New Zealand White rabbits underwent annular disc puncture using a 16G or 21G needle. At 4 and 10 weeks, individual compartments of the motion segment were analyzed. Discs underwent T1 relaxation mapping with MRI contrast agent gadodiamide as well T2 mapping. Both discs and facets underwent mechanical testing via vertebra—disc—vertebra tension‐compression creep testing and indentation testing, respectively. Endplate bone density was quantified via μCT. Discs and facets were sectioned and stained for histology scoring. Results Intervertebral discs became more degenerative with increasing needle diameter and time post‐puncture. Bone density also increased in endplates adjacent to both 21G and 16G punctured discs leading to reduced gadodiamide transport at 10 weeks. The facet joints, however, did not follow this same trend. Facets adjacent to 16G punctured discs were less degenerative than facets adjacent to 21G punctured discs at 10 weeks. 16G facets were more degenerative at 4 weeks than at 10, suggesting the cartilage had recovered. The formation of severe disc osteophytes in 16G punctured discs between 4 and 10 weeks likely offloaded the facet cartilage, leading to the recovery observed. Conclusions Overall, this study supports that degeneration spans the whole spinal motion segment following disc injury. Vertebral endplate thickening occurred in response to disc injury, which limited the diffusion of small molecules into the disc. This work also suggests that altered disc mechanics can induce facet degeneration, and that extreme bony remodeling adjacent to the disc may promote facet cartilage recovery through offloading of the articular cartilage.https://doi.org/10.1002/jsp2.1287annular puncture modelbiomechanicsintervertebral disc degenerationosteoarthritisvertebral endplate sclerosiszygaphophyseal joint |
| spellingShingle | Matthew Fainor Brianna S. Orozco Victoria G. Muir Sonal Mahindroo Sachin Gupta Robert L. Mauck Jason A. Burdick Harvey E. Smith Sarah E. Gullbrand Mechanical crosstalk between the intervertebral disc, facet joints, and vertebral endplate following acute disc injury in a rabbit model JOR Spine annular puncture model biomechanics intervertebral disc degeneration osteoarthritis vertebral endplate sclerosis zygaphophyseal joint |
| title | Mechanical crosstalk between the intervertebral disc, facet joints, and vertebral endplate following acute disc injury in a rabbit model |
| title_full | Mechanical crosstalk between the intervertebral disc, facet joints, and vertebral endplate following acute disc injury in a rabbit model |
| title_fullStr | Mechanical crosstalk between the intervertebral disc, facet joints, and vertebral endplate following acute disc injury in a rabbit model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanical crosstalk between the intervertebral disc, facet joints, and vertebral endplate following acute disc injury in a rabbit model |
| title_short | Mechanical crosstalk between the intervertebral disc, facet joints, and vertebral endplate following acute disc injury in a rabbit model |
| title_sort | mechanical crosstalk between the intervertebral disc facet joints and vertebral endplate following acute disc injury in a rabbit model |
| topic | annular puncture model biomechanics intervertebral disc degeneration osteoarthritis vertebral endplate sclerosis zygaphophyseal joint |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/jsp2.1287 |
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