Critical Metals Mineralization in the Late-Stage Intrusions of Salmi Batholith, Ladoga Karelia, Russia
The paper reports the results of studies on critical metal mineralization genetically related to the late-stage intrusions of Salmi anorthosite-rapakivi granite batholith (SARGB) in the Riphean age. In, Bi, and Be mineralization in skarn-greisen deposits and occurrences at the SARGB endocontact, as...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Minerals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/13/5/648 |
| _version_ | 1797598935225729024 |
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| author | Vasily I. Ivashchenko |
| author_facet | Vasily I. Ivashchenko |
| author_sort | Vasily I. Ivashchenko |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The paper reports the results of studies on critical metal mineralization genetically related to the late-stage intrusions of Salmi anorthosite-rapakivi granite batholith (SARGB) in the Riphean age. In, Bi, and Be mineralization in skarn-greisen deposits and occurrences at the SARGB endocontact, as well as REE and Nb-Ta mineralization in Li-F granites, understood as the late intrusive phases of the batholith, were studied. It is the first report on columbite-group minerals, as well as REE-Ta-Nb and REE mineralization in SARGB granites. Optical and scanning electron microscopy, EDS and LA ICP MS microanalysis, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were used. The data obtained show that roquesite formation was mainly triggered by the decay of In-bearing solid sphalerite and chalcopyrite solutions. Zavaritskite, associated with unoxidized sulphides, was derived hypogenically and seldom occurs in ores. A helvine-group mineral association with zinc-enriched spinel (ZnO 22%–25%) seems to have been one of the factors preventing genthelvite formation. The Muzilampi, Hepaoja and Avtodor ore occurrences in Li-F granites display similar REE and Nb-Ta mineralization. They are associated with Y-fluorite and Li-siderophyllite, which contain exceptionally high Nb concentrations (0.25%–0.78%) in Muzilampi granites. Additionally, fluorite-1 is commonly overfilled (to >50%) with micron-sized synchisite and parisite inclusions. Columbite-tantalite-group minerals, present at all the occurrences studied, occur solely as ferricolumbites with a dominant Mn/(Mn + Fe) ratio of <0.2. Biotite and Li-siderophyllite, associated with columbite, have an extremely high iron index Fe/(Fe + Mg) > 0.9 approaching the maximum values (~1.0) in the most differentiated granites. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:27:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-abeee91d198848faaf7bfccaf9eace3f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-163X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:27:37Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Minerals |
| spelling | doaj.art-abeee91d198848faaf7bfccaf9eace3f2023-11-18T02:36:35ZengMDPI AGMinerals2075-163X2023-05-0113564810.3390/min13050648Critical Metals Mineralization in the Late-Stage Intrusions of Salmi Batholith, Ladoga Karelia, RussiaVasily I. Ivashchenko0Institute of Geology KarRC, RAS, 185910 Petrozavodsk, RussiaThe paper reports the results of studies on critical metal mineralization genetically related to the late-stage intrusions of Salmi anorthosite-rapakivi granite batholith (SARGB) in the Riphean age. In, Bi, and Be mineralization in skarn-greisen deposits and occurrences at the SARGB endocontact, as well as REE and Nb-Ta mineralization in Li-F granites, understood as the late intrusive phases of the batholith, were studied. It is the first report on columbite-group minerals, as well as REE-Ta-Nb and REE mineralization in SARGB granites. Optical and scanning electron microscopy, EDS and LA ICP MS microanalysis, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were used. The data obtained show that roquesite formation was mainly triggered by the decay of In-bearing solid sphalerite and chalcopyrite solutions. Zavaritskite, associated with unoxidized sulphides, was derived hypogenically and seldom occurs in ores. A helvine-group mineral association with zinc-enriched spinel (ZnO 22%–25%) seems to have been one of the factors preventing genthelvite formation. The Muzilampi, Hepaoja and Avtodor ore occurrences in Li-F granites display similar REE and Nb-Ta mineralization. They are associated with Y-fluorite and Li-siderophyllite, which contain exceptionally high Nb concentrations (0.25%–0.78%) in Muzilampi granites. Additionally, fluorite-1 is commonly overfilled (to >50%) with micron-sized synchisite and parisite inclusions. Columbite-tantalite-group minerals, present at all the occurrences studied, occur solely as ferricolumbites with a dominant Mn/(Mn + Fe) ratio of <0.2. Biotite and Li-siderophyllite, associated with columbite, have an extremely high iron index Fe/(Fe + Mg) > 0.9 approaching the maximum values (~1.0) in the most differentiated granites.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/13/5/648Fennoscandian ShieldSalmi anorthosite-rapakivi granite batholithskarn-greisen depositsLi-F granitesREE mineralsferricolumbite |
| spellingShingle | Vasily I. Ivashchenko Critical Metals Mineralization in the Late-Stage Intrusions of Salmi Batholith, Ladoga Karelia, Russia Minerals Fennoscandian Shield Salmi anorthosite-rapakivi granite batholith skarn-greisen deposits Li-F granites REE minerals ferricolumbite |
| title | Critical Metals Mineralization in the Late-Stage Intrusions of Salmi Batholith, Ladoga Karelia, Russia |
| title_full | Critical Metals Mineralization in the Late-Stage Intrusions of Salmi Batholith, Ladoga Karelia, Russia |
| title_fullStr | Critical Metals Mineralization in the Late-Stage Intrusions of Salmi Batholith, Ladoga Karelia, Russia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Critical Metals Mineralization in the Late-Stage Intrusions of Salmi Batholith, Ladoga Karelia, Russia |
| title_short | Critical Metals Mineralization in the Late-Stage Intrusions of Salmi Batholith, Ladoga Karelia, Russia |
| title_sort | critical metals mineralization in the late stage intrusions of salmi batholith ladoga karelia russia |
| topic | Fennoscandian Shield Salmi anorthosite-rapakivi granite batholith skarn-greisen deposits Li-F granites REE minerals ferricolumbite |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/13/5/648 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vasilyiivashchenko criticalmetalsmineralizationinthelatestageintrusionsofsalmibatholithladogakareliarussia |