Off-axis Afterglow Closure Relations and Fermi-LAT Detected Gamma-Ray Bursts
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are one of the most promising transient events for studying multiwavelength observations in extreme conditions. Observation of GeV photons from bursts would provide crucial information on GRB physics, including the off-axis emission. The Second Gamma-ray Burst Catalog (2FLGC)...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acfb7f |
| _version_ | 1797609590709288960 |
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| author | N. Fraija M. G. Dainotti D. Levine B. Betancourt Kamenetskaia A. Galvan-Gamez |
| author_facet | N. Fraija M. G. Dainotti D. Levine B. Betancourt Kamenetskaia A. Galvan-Gamez |
| author_sort | N. Fraija |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are one of the most promising transient events for studying multiwavelength observations in extreme conditions. Observation of GeV photons from bursts would provide crucial information on GRB physics, including the off-axis emission. The Second Gamma-ray Burst Catalog (2FLGC) has been announced by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) Collaboration. This catalog includes 29 bursts with photon energy higher than 10 GeV. While the synchrotron forward-shock model has well explained the afterglow data of GRBs, photon energies greater than 10 GeV are very difficult to interpret within this framework. To study the spectral and temporal indices of those bursts described in 2FLGC, Fraija et al. ( 2022a ) proposed the closure relations (CRs) of the synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) emission of GRBs emitted from an on-axis jet, which decelerates in stellar-wind and constant-density medium. In this paper, we extend the CRs of the SSC afterglow from an on-axis scenario to an off-axis scenario, including the synchrotron afterglow radiation that seems to be off-axis. In order to investigate the spectral and temporal index evolution of those bursts reported in 2FLGC, we consider hydrodynamical evolution with energy injection in the adiabatic and radiative regimes for an electron distribution with a spectral index of 1 < p < 2 and 2 < p . The results show that the most likely scenario for synchrotron emission corresponds to the stellar wind whether or not there is energy injection and that the most likely scenario for SSC emission corresponds to the constant density when there is no energy injection and to the stellar wind when there is energy injection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:03:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ac005ed61d834765b8365fb376b7c687 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:03:29Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-ac005ed61d834765b8365fb376b7c6872023-11-17T13:12:17ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572023-01-01958212610.3847/1538-4357/acfb7fOff-axis Afterglow Closure Relations and Fermi-LAT Detected Gamma-Ray BurstsN. Fraija0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0173-6453M. G. Dainotti1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4442-8546D. Levine2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3411-6370B. Betancourt Kamenetskaia3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2516-5739A. Galvan-Gamez4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-3693Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Circuito Exterior, C.U., A. Postal 70-264, 04510 México City, México ; nifraija@astro.unam.mxNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Space Science Institute , Boulder, CO, USA; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies , SOKENDAI, Shonankokusaimura, Hayama, Miura District, Kanagawa 240-0193, JapanDepartment of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USATechnical University of Munich , TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department, James-Franck-Str 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut) , Föhringer Ring 6, D-80805 Munich, GermanyInstituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Circuito Exterior, C.U., A. Postal 70-264, 04510 México City, México ; nifraija@astro.unam.mxGamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are one of the most promising transient events for studying multiwavelength observations in extreme conditions. Observation of GeV photons from bursts would provide crucial information on GRB physics, including the off-axis emission. The Second Gamma-ray Burst Catalog (2FLGC) has been announced by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) Collaboration. This catalog includes 29 bursts with photon energy higher than 10 GeV. While the synchrotron forward-shock model has well explained the afterglow data of GRBs, photon energies greater than 10 GeV are very difficult to interpret within this framework. To study the spectral and temporal indices of those bursts described in 2FLGC, Fraija et al. ( 2022a ) proposed the closure relations (CRs) of the synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) emission of GRBs emitted from an on-axis jet, which decelerates in stellar-wind and constant-density medium. In this paper, we extend the CRs of the SSC afterglow from an on-axis scenario to an off-axis scenario, including the synchrotron afterglow radiation that seems to be off-axis. In order to investigate the spectral and temporal index evolution of those bursts reported in 2FLGC, we consider hydrodynamical evolution with energy injection in the adiabatic and radiative regimes for an electron distribution with a spectral index of 1 < p < 2 and 2 < p . The results show that the most likely scenario for synchrotron emission corresponds to the stellar wind whether or not there is energy injection and that the most likely scenario for SSC emission corresponds to the constant density when there is no energy injection and to the stellar wind when there is energy injection.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acfb7fGamma-ray burstsNon-thermal radiation sourcesMagnetic fields |
| spellingShingle | N. Fraija M. G. Dainotti D. Levine B. Betancourt Kamenetskaia A. Galvan-Gamez Off-axis Afterglow Closure Relations and Fermi-LAT Detected Gamma-Ray Bursts The Astrophysical Journal Gamma-ray bursts Non-thermal radiation sources Magnetic fields |
| title | Off-axis Afterglow Closure Relations and Fermi-LAT Detected Gamma-Ray Bursts |
| title_full | Off-axis Afterglow Closure Relations and Fermi-LAT Detected Gamma-Ray Bursts |
| title_fullStr | Off-axis Afterglow Closure Relations and Fermi-LAT Detected Gamma-Ray Bursts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Off-axis Afterglow Closure Relations and Fermi-LAT Detected Gamma-Ray Bursts |
| title_short | Off-axis Afterglow Closure Relations and Fermi-LAT Detected Gamma-Ray Bursts |
| title_sort | off axis afterglow closure relations and fermi lat detected gamma ray bursts |
| topic | Gamma-ray bursts Non-thermal radiation sources Magnetic fields |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acfb7f |
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