Secretome Analysis for a New Strain of the Blackleg Fungus <i>Plenodomus lingam</i> Reveals Candidate Proteins for Effectors and Virulence Factors
The fungal secretome is the main interface for interactions between the pathogen and its host. It includes the most important virulence factors and effector proteins. We integrated different bioinformatic approaches and used the newly drafted genome data of <i>P. lingam</i> isolate CAN1...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/7/740 |
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| author | Nahla A. Bouqellah Nadia A. Elkady Peter F. Farag |
| author_facet | Nahla A. Bouqellah Nadia A. Elkady Peter F. Farag |
| author_sort | Nahla A. Bouqellah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The fungal secretome is the main interface for interactions between the pathogen and its host. It includes the most important virulence factors and effector proteins. We integrated different bioinformatic approaches and used the newly drafted genome data of <i>P. lingam</i> isolate CAN1 (blackleg of rapeseed fungus) to predict the secretion of 217 proteins, including many cell-wall-degrading enzymes. All secretory proteins were identified; 85 were classified as CAZyme families and 25 were classified as protease families. Moreover, 49 putative effectors were predicted and identified, where 39 of them possessed at least one conserved domain. Some pectin-degrading enzymes were noticeable as a clustering group according to STRING web analysis. The secretome of <i>P. lingam</i> CAN1 was compared to the other two blackleg fungal species (<i>P. lingam</i> JN3 and <i>P. biglobosus</i> CA1) secretomes and their CAZymes and effectors were identified. Orthologue analysis found that <i>P. lingam</i> CAN1 shared 14 CAZy effectors with other related species. The Pathogen-Host Interaction database (PHI base) classified the effector proteins in several categories where most proteins were assigned as reduced virulence and two of them termed as hypervirulence. Nowadays, in silico approaches can solve many ambiguous issues about the mechanism of pathogenicity between fungi and plant host with well-designed bioinformatics tools. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:55:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ac26e2000a98489c835273d62948b7a0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:55:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
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| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-ac26e2000a98489c835273d62948b7a02023-11-18T20:01:45ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2023-07-019774010.3390/jof9070740Secretome Analysis for a New Strain of the Blackleg Fungus <i>Plenodomus lingam</i> Reveals Candidate Proteins for Effectors and Virulence FactorsNahla A. Bouqellah0Nadia A. Elkady1Peter F. Farag2Department of Biology, College of Science, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 42317-8599, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, EgyptDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, EgyptThe fungal secretome is the main interface for interactions between the pathogen and its host. It includes the most important virulence factors and effector proteins. We integrated different bioinformatic approaches and used the newly drafted genome data of <i>P. lingam</i> isolate CAN1 (blackleg of rapeseed fungus) to predict the secretion of 217 proteins, including many cell-wall-degrading enzymes. All secretory proteins were identified; 85 were classified as CAZyme families and 25 were classified as protease families. Moreover, 49 putative effectors were predicted and identified, where 39 of them possessed at least one conserved domain. Some pectin-degrading enzymes were noticeable as a clustering group according to STRING web analysis. The secretome of <i>P. lingam</i> CAN1 was compared to the other two blackleg fungal species (<i>P. lingam</i> JN3 and <i>P. biglobosus</i> CA1) secretomes and their CAZymes and effectors were identified. Orthologue analysis found that <i>P. lingam</i> CAN1 shared 14 CAZy effectors with other related species. The Pathogen-Host Interaction database (PHI base) classified the effector proteins in several categories where most proteins were assigned as reduced virulence and two of them termed as hypervirulence. Nowadays, in silico approaches can solve many ambiguous issues about the mechanism of pathogenicity between fungi and plant host with well-designed bioinformatics tools.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/7/740computational annotationnetwork analysispathogenic fungiproteomics |
| spellingShingle | Nahla A. Bouqellah Nadia A. Elkady Peter F. Farag Secretome Analysis for a New Strain of the Blackleg Fungus <i>Plenodomus lingam</i> Reveals Candidate Proteins for Effectors and Virulence Factors Journal of Fungi computational annotation network analysis pathogenic fungi proteomics |
| title | Secretome Analysis for a New Strain of the Blackleg Fungus <i>Plenodomus lingam</i> Reveals Candidate Proteins for Effectors and Virulence Factors |
| title_full | Secretome Analysis for a New Strain of the Blackleg Fungus <i>Plenodomus lingam</i> Reveals Candidate Proteins for Effectors and Virulence Factors |
| title_fullStr | Secretome Analysis for a New Strain of the Blackleg Fungus <i>Plenodomus lingam</i> Reveals Candidate Proteins for Effectors and Virulence Factors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Secretome Analysis for a New Strain of the Blackleg Fungus <i>Plenodomus lingam</i> Reveals Candidate Proteins for Effectors and Virulence Factors |
| title_short | Secretome Analysis for a New Strain of the Blackleg Fungus <i>Plenodomus lingam</i> Reveals Candidate Proteins for Effectors and Virulence Factors |
| title_sort | secretome analysis for a new strain of the blackleg fungus i plenodomus lingam i reveals candidate proteins for effectors and virulence factors |
| topic | computational annotation network analysis pathogenic fungi proteomics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/7/740 |
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