Inhalation and dermal exposure to toluene among printing workers in a plastic bag factory
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore inhalation levels and dermal exposure to toluene among printing workers who wore no personal protective equipment; it is conducted in a plastic bag factory. Using a charcoal cloth pad (CCP) as a dermal sampler to assess skin permeation of liquid tolu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University
2019-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Health Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JHR-06-2018-0031/full/pdf?title=inhalation-and-dermal-exposure-to-toluene-among-printing-workers-in-a-plastic-bag-factory |
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| author | Wantanee Phanprasit Kanchanok Songpek Vorakamol Boonyayothin Dusit Sujirarat |
| author_facet | Wantanee Phanprasit Kanchanok Songpek Vorakamol Boonyayothin Dusit Sujirarat |
| author_sort | Wantanee Phanprasit |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore inhalation levels and dermal exposure to toluene among printing workers who wore no personal protective equipment; it is conducted in a plastic bag factory. Using a charcoal cloth pad (CCP) as a dermal sampler to assess skin permeation of liquid toluene is also investigated. Design/methodology/approach - In total, 27 stationary air samples as well as urine and dermal samples were collected over 9 days from 11 printing workers. Six pieces of CCP were wrapped on each of the workers’ fingers for the dermal sample collection. Air samples were collected and analyzed according to NIOSH No. 1501, and 65 post-shift urine samples were collected and analyzed using gas chromatography equipped with headspace sampler (GC-HS/FID). Multiple linear regression was employed to analyze the association between the studied variables. Findings - The mean (SD) urinary toluene (UTol) level was 13.42 (9.72) ug/L. Toluene on the CCP (TolCCP) was a meaningful predictor for UTol (p-value=0.027) with r and r2 values of 0.441 and 0.195, respectively. The r and r2 of the model using the toluene time-weighted average concentrations in air were 0.739 and 0.546, respectively. The absorbed dose of toluene determined from the TolCCP ranged from 1.05 to 91.94 mg, accounting for 12.3 percent of the threshold limit value (TLV). Originality/value - Dermal exposure was insignificant when workers wore respirators, but when not, dermal absorption could contribute to the overall uptake and exposure above the TLV. Appropriate gloves should be assigned to the workers to reduce dermal exposure to toluene. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T18:38:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ac2a4caf5be1428dbbf8c6066bc09a66 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0857-4421 2586-940X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T18:38:47Z |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Health Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-ac2a4caf5be1428dbbf8c6066bc09a662023-02-02T00:06:21ZengCollege of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn UniversityJournal of Health Research0857-44212586-940X2019-01-01331687910.1108/JHR-06-2018-0031617286Inhalation and dermal exposure to toluene among printing workers in a plastic bag factoryWantanee Phanprasit0Kanchanok Songpek1Vorakamol Boonyayothin2Dusit Sujirarat3Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandReckitt Benckiser Healthcare Manufacturing (Thailand) Ltd, Bangkok, ThailandDepartment of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandDepartment of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandPurpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore inhalation levels and dermal exposure to toluene among printing workers who wore no personal protective equipment; it is conducted in a plastic bag factory. Using a charcoal cloth pad (CCP) as a dermal sampler to assess skin permeation of liquid toluene is also investigated. Design/methodology/approach - In total, 27 stationary air samples as well as urine and dermal samples were collected over 9 days from 11 printing workers. Six pieces of CCP were wrapped on each of the workers’ fingers for the dermal sample collection. Air samples were collected and analyzed according to NIOSH No. 1501, and 65 post-shift urine samples were collected and analyzed using gas chromatography equipped with headspace sampler (GC-HS/FID). Multiple linear regression was employed to analyze the association between the studied variables. Findings - The mean (SD) urinary toluene (UTol) level was 13.42 (9.72) ug/L. Toluene on the CCP (TolCCP) was a meaningful predictor for UTol (p-value=0.027) with r and r2 values of 0.441 and 0.195, respectively. The r and r2 of the model using the toluene time-weighted average concentrations in air were 0.739 and 0.546, respectively. The absorbed dose of toluene determined from the TolCCP ranged from 1.05 to 91.94 mg, accounting for 12.3 percent of the threshold limit value (TLV). Originality/value - Dermal exposure was insignificant when workers wore respirators, but when not, dermal absorption could contribute to the overall uptake and exposure above the TLV. Appropriate gloves should be assigned to the workers to reduce dermal exposure to toluene.https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JHR-06-2018-0031/full/pdf?title=inhalation-and-dermal-exposure-to-toluene-among-printing-workers-in-a-plastic-bag-factorydermaltolueneprintingcharcoal cloth padurinary toluene |
| spellingShingle | Wantanee Phanprasit Kanchanok Songpek Vorakamol Boonyayothin Dusit Sujirarat Inhalation and dermal exposure to toluene among printing workers in a plastic bag factory Journal of Health Research dermal toluene printing charcoal cloth pad urinary toluene |
| title | Inhalation and dermal exposure to toluene among printing workers in a plastic bag factory |
| title_full | Inhalation and dermal exposure to toluene among printing workers in a plastic bag factory |
| title_fullStr | Inhalation and dermal exposure to toluene among printing workers in a plastic bag factory |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inhalation and dermal exposure to toluene among printing workers in a plastic bag factory |
| title_short | Inhalation and dermal exposure to toluene among printing workers in a plastic bag factory |
| title_sort | inhalation and dermal exposure to toluene among printing workers in a plastic bag factory |
| topic | dermal toluene printing charcoal cloth pad urinary toluene |
| url | https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JHR-06-2018-0031/full/pdf?title=inhalation-and-dermal-exposure-to-toluene-among-printing-workers-in-a-plastic-bag-factory |
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