Non-Targeted Effects of Synchrotron Radiation: Lessons from Experiments at the Australian and European Synchrotrons
Studies have been conducted at synchrotron facilities in Europe and Australia to explore a variety of applications of synchrotron X-rays in medicine and biology. We discuss the major technical aspects of the synchrotron irradiation setups, paying specific attention to the Australian Synchrotron (AS)...
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/4/2079 |
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| author | Cristian Fernandez-Palomo Zacharenia Nikitaki Valentin Djonov Alexandros G. Georgakilas Olga A. Martin |
| author_facet | Cristian Fernandez-Palomo Zacharenia Nikitaki Valentin Djonov Alexandros G. Georgakilas Olga A. Martin |
| author_sort | Cristian Fernandez-Palomo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Studies have been conducted at synchrotron facilities in Europe and Australia to explore a variety of applications of synchrotron X-rays in medicine and biology. We discuss the major technical aspects of the synchrotron irradiation setups, paying specific attention to the Australian Synchrotron (AS) and the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) as those best configured for a wide range of biomedical research involving animals and future cancer patients. Due to ultra-high dose rates, treatment doses can be delivered within milliseconds, abiding by FLASH radiotherapy principles. In addition, a homogeneous radiation field can be spatially fractionated into a geometric pattern called microbeam radiotherapy (MRT); a coplanar array of thin beams of microscopic dimensions. Both are clinically promising radiotherapy modalities because they trigger a cascade of biological effects that improve tumor control, while increasing normal tissue tolerance compared to conventional radiation. Synchrotrons can deliver high doses to a very small volume with low beam divergence, thus facilitating the study of non-targeted effects of these novel radiation modalities in both in-vitro and in-vivo models. Non-targeted radiation effects studied at the AS and ESRF include monitoring cell–cell communication after partial irradiation of a cell population (radiation-induced bystander effect, RIBE), the response of tissues outside the irradiated field (radiation-induced abscopal effect, RIAE), and the influence of irradiated animals on non-irradiated ones in close proximity (inter-animal RIBE). Here we provide a summary of these experiments and perspectives on their implications for non-targeted effects in biomedical fields. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:40:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ac37ab90f0764a618469adc50e8c8093 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:40:53Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-ac37ab90f0764a618469adc50e8c80932023-11-23T18:38:56ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-02-01124207910.3390/app12042079Non-Targeted Effects of Synchrotron Radiation: Lessons from Experiments at the Australian and European SynchrotronsCristian Fernandez-Palomo0Zacharenia Nikitaki1Valentin Djonov2Alexandros G. Georgakilas3Olga A. Martin4Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandSchool of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780 Athens, GreeceInstitute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandSchool of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780 Athens, GreeceInstitute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandStudies have been conducted at synchrotron facilities in Europe and Australia to explore a variety of applications of synchrotron X-rays in medicine and biology. We discuss the major technical aspects of the synchrotron irradiation setups, paying specific attention to the Australian Synchrotron (AS) and the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) as those best configured for a wide range of biomedical research involving animals and future cancer patients. Due to ultra-high dose rates, treatment doses can be delivered within milliseconds, abiding by FLASH radiotherapy principles. In addition, a homogeneous radiation field can be spatially fractionated into a geometric pattern called microbeam radiotherapy (MRT); a coplanar array of thin beams of microscopic dimensions. Both are clinically promising radiotherapy modalities because they trigger a cascade of biological effects that improve tumor control, while increasing normal tissue tolerance compared to conventional radiation. Synchrotrons can deliver high doses to a very small volume with low beam divergence, thus facilitating the study of non-targeted effects of these novel radiation modalities in both in-vitro and in-vivo models. Non-targeted radiation effects studied at the AS and ESRF include monitoring cell–cell communication after partial irradiation of a cell population (radiation-induced bystander effect, RIBE), the response of tissues outside the irradiated field (radiation-induced abscopal effect, RIAE), and the influence of irradiated animals on non-irradiated ones in close proximity (inter-animal RIBE). Here we provide a summary of these experiments and perspectives on their implications for non-targeted effects in biomedical fields.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/4/2079synchrotron radiationmicrobeam radiotherapy (MRT)FLASHnon-targeted effectsradiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE)radiation-induced abscopal effect (RIAE) |
| spellingShingle | Cristian Fernandez-Palomo Zacharenia Nikitaki Valentin Djonov Alexandros G. Georgakilas Olga A. Martin Non-Targeted Effects of Synchrotron Radiation: Lessons from Experiments at the Australian and European Synchrotrons Applied Sciences synchrotron radiation microbeam radiotherapy (MRT) FLASH non-targeted effects radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) radiation-induced abscopal effect (RIAE) |
| title | Non-Targeted Effects of Synchrotron Radiation: Lessons from Experiments at the Australian and European Synchrotrons |
| title_full | Non-Targeted Effects of Synchrotron Radiation: Lessons from Experiments at the Australian and European Synchrotrons |
| title_fullStr | Non-Targeted Effects of Synchrotron Radiation: Lessons from Experiments at the Australian and European Synchrotrons |
| title_full_unstemmed | Non-Targeted Effects of Synchrotron Radiation: Lessons from Experiments at the Australian and European Synchrotrons |
| title_short | Non-Targeted Effects of Synchrotron Radiation: Lessons from Experiments at the Australian and European Synchrotrons |
| title_sort | non targeted effects of synchrotron radiation lessons from experiments at the australian and european synchrotrons |
| topic | synchrotron radiation microbeam radiotherapy (MRT) FLASH non-targeted effects radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) radiation-induced abscopal effect (RIAE) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/4/2079 |
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