Antibacterial Properties and Potential Mechanism of Serum from Chinese Alligator
The Chinese alligator (<i>Alligator sinensis</i>) is an ancient reptile with strong immunity that lives in wetland environments. This study tested the antibacterial ability of Chinese alligator serum (CAS) against <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i&...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/11/2210 |
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| author | Meng-Yuan Hu Yi-Wen Chen Zhi-Fan Chai Yin-Zhi Wang Jian-Qing Lin Sheng-Guo Fang |
| author_facet | Meng-Yuan Hu Yi-Wen Chen Zhi-Fan Chai Yin-Zhi Wang Jian-Qing Lin Sheng-Guo Fang |
| author_sort | Meng-Yuan Hu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Chinese alligator (<i>Alligator sinensis</i>) is an ancient reptile with strong immunity that lives in wetland environments. This study tested the antibacterial ability of Chinese alligator serum (CAS) against <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and analyzed the potential underlying mechanisms. Results showed that the CAS had a marked antibacterial effect on <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, <i>E. coli</i>, and <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, while <i>S. aureus</i> was only mildly affected. However, these effects disappeared when Protease K was added to the serum. The serum proteome analysis revealed that the antibacterial ability of CAS was produced by interactions among various proteins and that the complement proteins played a major antibacterial role. Therefore, we made relevant predictions about the structure and function of complement component 3. In addition, sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of complement component 3d (C3d) in four mammalian species and two alligator species showed that the amino acids that make up the acid pocket on the concave surface of alligator C3d are not identical to those in mammals. This study provided evidence that CAS elicits significant antibacterial effects against some pathogens and provides the basis for further development of novel antibacterial drugs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:50:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ac3dbba5d3ad47c9bdebe7e62d1c30c1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:50:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-ac3dbba5d3ad47c9bdebe7e62d1c30c12023-11-24T05:57:30ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072022-11-011011221010.3390/microorganisms10112210Antibacterial Properties and Potential Mechanism of Serum from Chinese AlligatorMeng-Yuan Hu0Yi-Wen Chen1Zhi-Fan Chai2Yin-Zhi Wang3Jian-Qing Lin4Sheng-Guo Fang5MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, State Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaMOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, State Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaMOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, State Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaMOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, State Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, ChinaMOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, State Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaThe Chinese alligator (<i>Alligator sinensis</i>) is an ancient reptile with strong immunity that lives in wetland environments. This study tested the antibacterial ability of Chinese alligator serum (CAS) against <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and analyzed the potential underlying mechanisms. Results showed that the CAS had a marked antibacterial effect on <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, <i>E. coli</i>, and <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, while <i>S. aureus</i> was only mildly affected. However, these effects disappeared when Protease K was added to the serum. The serum proteome analysis revealed that the antibacterial ability of CAS was produced by interactions among various proteins and that the complement proteins played a major antibacterial role. Therefore, we made relevant predictions about the structure and function of complement component 3. In addition, sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of complement component 3d (C3d) in four mammalian species and two alligator species showed that the amino acids that make up the acid pocket on the concave surface of alligator C3d are not identical to those in mammals. This study provided evidence that CAS elicits significant antibacterial effects against some pathogens and provides the basis for further development of novel antibacterial drugs.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/11/2210serumantibacterial activity<i>Alligator sinensis</i>proteincomplement system |
| spellingShingle | Meng-Yuan Hu Yi-Wen Chen Zhi-Fan Chai Yin-Zhi Wang Jian-Qing Lin Sheng-Guo Fang Antibacterial Properties and Potential Mechanism of Serum from Chinese Alligator Microorganisms serum antibacterial activity <i>Alligator sinensis</i> protein complement system |
| title | Antibacterial Properties and Potential Mechanism of Serum from Chinese Alligator |
| title_full | Antibacterial Properties and Potential Mechanism of Serum from Chinese Alligator |
| title_fullStr | Antibacterial Properties and Potential Mechanism of Serum from Chinese Alligator |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antibacterial Properties and Potential Mechanism of Serum from Chinese Alligator |
| title_short | Antibacterial Properties and Potential Mechanism of Serum from Chinese Alligator |
| title_sort | antibacterial properties and potential mechanism of serum from chinese alligator |
| topic | serum antibacterial activity <i>Alligator sinensis</i> protein complement system |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/11/2210 |
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